生物与医学2022jamanetwork.com
Psilocybin 辅助心理治疗与安慰剂治疗酒精使用障碍
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy vs. placebo in treatment of alcohol disorder
进阶 · 约 40 分钟读完前置知识:随机对照试验基础、酒精使用障碍临床背景、盲法与安慰剂设计
导读
这项发表于 JAMA Psychiatry 的随机对照试验研究了裸盖菇素(psilocybin)辅助心理治疗对酒精使用障碍的疗效:受试者被随机分配到裸盖菇素组或活性安慰剂(苯海拉明)组,两组都接受成瘾心理咨询。评论指出,该试验的盲法基本失效——受试者和治疗师在绝大多数情况下都能正确猜出分组,因此结果应理解为一项随机但未设盲的试验。
HN 关注点:迷幻药临床试验中难以避免的安慰剂盲法失效问题,以及这类治疗与 AA 等传统戒酒路径之间的关系。
后来怎么样
该试验为裸盖菇素辅助心理治疗用于酒精使用障碍提供了关键的随机对照证据,并推动了后续迷幻药辅助治疗研究;但尚未成为临床标准疗法。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 质疑 1 亲历 2
质疑该试验的盲法基本失效,应视为随机但未设盲的研究,结果需谨慎解读。
对照条件是裸盖菇素或苯海拉明(Benadryl),两组都接受成瘾咨询。原文数据:第一次会谈中,受试者有 93.6% 正确猜出了自己的分组,平均确定度为 88.5%(23.2%);第二次会谈中 94.7% 猜对,平均确定度为 90.6%(21.5%)。研究治疗师在第一次会谈中有 92.4% 正确判断分组,第二次为 97.4%,平均确定度分别为 92.8%(16.3%)和 95.4%(2.9%)。这不是批评,因为这类试验本来就极难设盲,但事后看来他们其实完全可以不设盲。所以我们应把它理解为一项随机但未设盲的试验。研究者对此心知肚明,我猜这会影响他们下一步的研究。原文局限部分也写道:苯海拉明在给药后无法维持盲法,因此偏倚的预期可能影响结果;哌甲酯、烟酸和低剂量裸盖菇素等对照药物在过去的裸盖菇素试验中同样未能充分维持盲法,这仍是迷幻药临床研究的难题。
phren0logy查看英文原文
The comparison condition was psilocybin or diphenhydramine (Benadryl), and both groups got addiction counseling. >Participants correctly guessed their treatment assignment in 93.6% of the first sessions, reporting a mean (SD) certainty of 88.5% (23.2%). In the second session, 94.7% guessed correctly, and mean (SD) certainty was 90.6% (21.5%). Study therapists correctly guessed treatment 92.4% of the time for first sessions and 97.4% for second sessions, and their mean (SD) certainties were 92.8% (16.3%) and 95.4% (2.9%), respectively. This is not a criticism, as these trials are very hard to blind, but as you can see in hindsight they could as well have not bothered with blinding at all. So we need to interpret this as a randomized but unblinded trial. The researchers are well aware of this, and I suspect it will inform the next steps of their research. >Several limitations of the study warrant discussion. First, diphenhydramine was ineffective in maintaining the blind after drug administration, so biased expectancies could have influenced results. Control medications such as methylphenidate,42 niacin,2 and low-dose psilocybin1 likewise did not adequately maintain blinding in past psilocybin trials, so this issue remains a challenge for clinical research on psychedelics.
亲历亲历者视角:AA社群对迷幻药辅助疗法态度敌对,阻碍了公开讨论。
我有个一起戒瘾的朋友,出戒毒所后多次复吸,后来决定试试“微剂量”。我则一直靠传统的 AA(匿名戒酒会)保持得不错。有一次我不想独自去参加一个会议,想拉他一起,他愿意去,但觉得自己必须撒谎隐瞒自己在做的事,否则就要面对一堆说教和悲观预言——他是对的。我个人不认为微剂量对所谓的“真酒鬼”是好的长期方案,但据我观察,AA 对这类做法非常敌视,这挺可惜的。
nilespotter查看英文原文
I have a friend I went to rehab with who after numerous relapses post-rehab decided to give "micro dosing" a try. I was and am doing well with regular old AA. At a certain point there was a meeting I didn't want to go alone and I tried to get him to come with me. He wanted to but felt like he'd have to lie about what he's doing or face a barrage of advice and doom and gloom predictions, and he was right. For my part I don't think this is a good long-term solution for as we call them "real alcoholics" but in my experience AA is very combative to this kind of thing, which is unfortunate.
亲历个人亲历:裸盖菇素辅助治疗带来持久的正面改变。
我只想说,裸盖菇素蘑菇加心理治疗永久性地改善了我的人生,如果治疗师专精于此,我强烈推荐几乎所有人都试试。
troops_h8r查看英文原文
Just popping in to say that psilocybin shrooms + therapy permanently changed my life for the better and I STRONGLY recommend it to pretty much everyone if their therapist specializes in that kind of thing
支持讨论延伸到个人自主权与公众态度转变。
等哪天一个知情、负责任的成年人能自行决定往自己身体里放什么,我们就知道真正的进步来了。迷幻药理论的医学进展像是一个利他的滑坡——它显然在把公众态度慢慢推向接受。
ipnon查看英文原文
You will know when we have made real progress because an informed, responsible adult will be able to make their own decisions about what to put in their own body. Medical progress in psychedelic theory is a altruistic slippery slope. It clearly bends attitudes towards acceptance in the general public, slowly at first.
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