能源、气候与材料2022cell.com
全球气温上升侵蚀人类睡眠
Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally
进阶 · 约 70 分钟读完前置知识：基础统计与回归分析、气候变化基础常识、睡眠与健康基本概念
导读
论文利用约 4.7 万名佩戴睡眠追踪设备的受试者、历时数年的数据，分析夜间气温与睡眠时长之间的关系，发现气温升高会减少睡眠，且老年人、女性、低收入国家居民以及本就生活在炎热气候中的人受影响更大。作者据此推断，气候变化会进一步侵蚀全球人群的睡眠。
HN 关注点：两点：一是这项研究基于大规模可穿戴设备数据，能说明“热夜少睡”确有依据；二是评论质疑其气候变化预测忽略了人类的长期适应，并延伸到空调普及与经济增长之争。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
质疑数据可靠，但把结果推算到气候变化上忽略了长期适应，预测存疑。
大意是：夜里越热，人睡得越少，穷人和本来就住在炎热气候里的人尤其明显（从 100°F 升到 110°F 比 70°F 升到 80°F 更让人难受）。数据本身不错：给 4.7 万名受试者戴了几年睡眠追踪手表得出了这些结论。但该研究把结果联系到气候变化上，这一点值得怀疑，也许只是为了贴合现实问题以便发表。他们最后一段也削弱了自己想做的预测：人会适应长期天气模式，大概也会部分适应未来 50 年的气候变化。当然，从健康公平角度看，这仍然有意义。
jawarner查看英文原文
The gist: On hotter nights people get less sleep, this being especially the case for people who are poor (limited access to AC?) and who already live in hot climates (100->110 deg is more noticeable than 70->80). It’s nice data. They gave sleep tracking watches to 47,000 subjects for a few years, and this is what came out of it. Their climate change angle is suspect. It probably helps publish to be relevant to a real-world problem. But their final paragraph undermines the projections they try to make: people adapt to the long-term weather patterns, and they’ll likely partially adapt to climate change occurring over the course of 50 years. Of course it’s still relevant from a health equity standpoint to consider.
补充该结果应被理解为支持经济增长和空调普及的最新额外论据，而不是主张牺牲增长。
论文说“老年人、女性和低收入国家居民受影响最大”。如果全球气温小幅上升对睡眠的影响大到值得在意，那么它就不再支持、反而是在支持经济增长（让空调普及、人人买得起，从而大幅降低夜间温度）的论据，其力度远超过“牺牲增长换取少许升温缓解”这一说法。不过我预计多数读者会把它解读成后者。
gwern查看英文原文
> The elderly, women, and residents of lower-income countries are impacted most If small increases in global temperature can impact sleep enough to care about, then that is a much stronger additional argument for economic growth( to make AC, which can reduce night temperatures by a lot, affordable and universal) than it is for trading growth for some small avoidance of further temp growth. The latter is how I expect most people will read this result...
亲历亲历：热夜难以降温纳凉，且寒冷或许还有助于减轻炎症、改善呼吸。
我在炎热潮湿的夏天确实睡得比冬天差。冷的时候可以加衣服；热的时候，衣服和被子都减到零，也没法再凉快，只能靠空调把热量和湿气转移到别处。我还主观觉得（没有证据）寒冷能减轻肿胀和炎症，从而让睡眠时呼吸更顺畅。
dsq查看英文原文
I definitely sleep less well in the hot, humid, summer than in winter. When it's cold you can add layers. When it's hot you reach a limit of zero layers of clothing/coverings and then have to move the heat and humidity elsewhere artificially via A/C. I also think (this is my subjective opinion, I have no proof) that cold reduces swelling and inflammation, thus making for easier breathing during sleep.
补充补充思路：地下或覆土住宅温度恒定，或许能作为应对高温的廉价且节能的方案。
我认为需要更多工作来推进地下住宅框架成型和焊接的自动化，因为地下温度相当恒定。一些地点需要能防潮的特制单元。也许随着技术优化，这类方案对消费者会变得可负担。地下住宅还能在上方腾出花园或车位，也能抗龙卷风，并有利于能效和碳中和。现实例子是澳洲 Coober Pedy，那里有地下酒店、矿井、住宅和娱乐设施。个人经验：我家部分被土坡覆盖，即便外面约 101°F，室内依然凉爽，而且我根本没有空调。我搬家，部分原因就是高温和睡眠问题。
LinuxBender查看英文原文
This comment won't do well right now but I suspect in the future we may come back to this idea. I believe more work needs to go into automation of forming/welding frames for underground homes as the temperature is rather constant under ground. 3D printed/molded? Some locations will need specially built units that can handle moisture. I have probably binge-watched too many mining/tunneling videos but I could see this technology becoming affordable to the consumer through technological optimizations, maybe? Anyway moving the home under ground could provide additional room above ground for a garden or parking spots. Underground homes would also be tornado resistant. Another advantage is energy efficiency or moving towards being carbon neutral. There are concrete / shotcrete companies making carbon absorbing material now. I am thinking of the real world example of Coober Pedy, AU [1] They have subterranea hotels, mines, homes, recreation facilities and more. If I ever went to AU that would be my first stop. Anecdotally my home is partially earth bermed and even on hot days hot being around 101F it is cool in my home and I do not even own a HVAC unit. One of the many reasons I moved was due to heat and sleep issues. [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coober_Pedy
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