能源、气候与材料2021iopscience.iop.org
通过针对全球高污染电厂来减少 CO2 排放
Reducing CO2 emissions by targeting the world's hyper-polluting power plants
进阶 · 约 25 分钟读完前置知识：碳排放与气候变化基础、发电技术与燃料类型（煤、褐煤、天然气）、基础数据分析/单位换算（kWh、CO2 强度）
导读
这篇论文研究如何通过针对全球高污染发电厂来减少二氧化碳排放。核心发现是：全球约5%的发电厂贡献了电力行业近四分之三的碳排放，因此集中治理这批数量有限、回报很高的电厂是可行减排路径。
HN 关注点：“少量电厂造成大部分排放”这一发现，认为它把气候行动聚焦到一个明确、可管理且高回报的目标上。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：支持 1 补充 3
支持5%的电厂贡献近四分之三电力碳排放，治理目标明确且可管理，应集中火力优先处理。
根据这篇文章，全球仅5%的发电厂就占了发电碳排放的近四分之三。我觉得这可能是很久以来关于全球变暖最令人鼓舞的消息之一。5%的发电厂（约1500座）仍然很多，但是一个可管理的数量。这给我们一个界定清晰、投资回报率很高的攻击方向。它似乎在说：如果我们要认真自救，就从这里开始并全力以赴。论文列出了污染最严重的10座电厂……不出意外，很多在中国和印度，但至少有一座在德国。如果德国想树立榜样，那里就是起点。
jbotz查看英文原文
According to this article just 5% of the world’s power plants account for almost three-quarters of carbon emissions from electricity generation. I think this may be one of the most encouraging bits of news about AGW that I've seen in a long time. 5% of electric power plants (about 1500 plants) is a lot, but it's a manageable lot. This gives us a clearly defined area of attack with a very high ROI. It seems to say: if we're going to get serious about saving ourselves, start here and go all in. The paper lists the top 10 polluting plants... unsurprisingly many of them are in China and India, but at least one is in Germany. If Germany wants to set an example, there's where to start.
补充以波兰Bełchatów褐煤电厂为例，高碳电力会让高效电动车在碳排放上也不如燃油车，凸显源头减排的重要性。
说到全球污染最严重的电厂——我来自波兰，我国最大的电厂Bełchatów燃褐煤发电，我简直不敢相信该电厂每千瓦时排放的二氧化碳估计略高于1公斤！考虑到特斯拉Model 3每公里约用150Wh，如果只用那座电厂的电充电，它的排放会比路上许多柴油或汽油车还差。而这还是效率极高的电动车，还有很多车每公里耗300-400Wh，你得买一辆汽油版路虎揽胜才能在每公里二氧化碳排放上与之竞争。
gambiting查看英文原文
Speaking of worst polluting power plants in the world - where I'm from(Poland), the largest power plant in the country(Bełchatów Power Plant) burns lignite for power - and I can't believe the emissions per kWh from that plant are estimated at slightly above 1kg of CO2 per kWh!!!!! Seeing as Tesla Model 3 uses around 150Wh per kilometer travelled, if you exclusively charged it using electricity from that power plant, it would be worse than many diesel or petrol vehicles on the road currently. And that's a stupidly efficient EV, there are many which everage 300-400Wh per km travelled, you'd need to buy a petrol Range Rover to even compete in terms of CO2/km emissions with that.
补充赞同聚焦高污染源，但认为还应针对所有大型工业污染者，并分享了自己在加里追踪空气污染的经历。
为什么我总觉得一切都太少、太晚？不过我同意，得让他们做得更好。我住在印第安纳州加里市，附近有两座较小的电厂（大约25-50英里外），但还有无数钢厂、炼油厂和其他污染源，全都位于或靠近密歇根湖，而那是我们主要的饮用水源。就不能针对所有大型污染者吗？我希望我们能迫使工业界把大量利润花在研发上以抵消其损害，不是改进产品，而是改进流程，不只是为了成本、效率、速度，而是以尽可能少破坏的方式做事。过去两年我一直在我的小社区网站https://millerbeach.community上追踪加里的空气污染（还有货船、航班等）。我正在筹资建一个正规的空气质量传感器/监测系统，能监测PM2.5/10以外的东西，但目前只有PM。
kingsloi查看英文原文
Why do I get the feeling everything is too little or too late? I agree though, let's make them do better. I live in Gary Indiana, and while we have 2 smaller power plants near us (25-50 miles ish), there's about a million steel mills, oil refineries, and a bunch of other polluters thrown in for good measure, all either on or near Lake Michigan, which is our main source of drinking water. Can't we just target all mega polluters? I wish we could just force industry to spend a shit tonne of their profits on R&D to offset their damage, not improve their product, but improve their processes for something other than cost, efficiency, speed, and just did shit in the least destructive way possible. I've been tracking air pollution in Gary (and also cargo ships, flights, etc) on my lil community website: https://millerbeach.community for the past two years. I'm trying to fund a proper air quality sensor/monitoring system that does more than just PM2.5/10, but until then it's just PM.
补充补充一个被忽视的减排重点：煤层火每年排放约1吉吨CO2，治理成本相对低，是气候行动的低垂果实。
我最近意识到一件事：我们有“不发电的煤电厂”——煤层火。考虑到其重要性，这得到的关注非常少。我认为这是气候减缓中的低垂果实。煤层火每年排放约1吉吨二氧化碳，而全球煤作为有用燃料每年约排放14吉吨。有效利他主义论坛上的这篇帖子和我有同样的想法（忽略其中的右倾论点，聚焦事实陈述）：https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/2nrx8GdtobScoAZF8/extinguishing-or-preventing-coal-seam-fires-is-a-potential。扑灭这些煤层火的成本按比例来说应该不算很高（它们大多由人为引起，不过全都会加剧气候变化），而且它们在其他方面也非常糟糕（安全、当地空气污染、简直浪费化石资源等）。这个问题值得更多关注。这是极其低垂的果实。
Robotbeat查看英文原文
One thing I realized recently is that we have "coal power plants" that produce zero electricity: coal seam fires. This gets very little attention given the importance. I think it's low-hanging fruit for climate mitigations. On the order of 1 Gigatonne of CO2 per year is emitted from coal seam fires, versus ~14 Gigatonnes of CO2 from coal as useful fuel globally. This post on Effective Altruism had the same idea I had (ignore the right-leaning arguments contained therein and focus on the factual statements): https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/2nrx8GdtobScoAZF8/extinguishing-or-preventing-coal-seam-fires-is-a-potential It shouldn't proportionally cost a whole lot to stop these coal seam fires (which are mostly human caused, although ALL contribute to climate change), and they are really terrible for other reasons as well (safety, local air pollution, literally wasting fossil resources, etc). The issue deserves more attention. It's incredibly low hanging fruit.
历次讨论
- 2021Hacker News 讨论帖289 分 · 219 评
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