安全与密码学2014mice.cs.columbia.edu
基于流记录的 Tor 网络流量分析有效性研究
On the Effectiveness of Traffic Analysis Against Tor Networks Using Flow Records
进阶 · 约 35 分钟读完前置知识:Tor 与低延迟匿名网络基础、网络流量分析、NetFlow 流记录
导读
论文研究利用流记录(如 Cisco NetFlow)对 Tor 网络实施流量分析攻击的有效性。核心场景是攻击者同时控制恶意服务器和入口节点,用较廉价的流记录而非原始数据包做流量关联。评论认为这是对已知低延迟匿名网络攻击模式的增量改进,81.4% 的准确率受基础比率谬误和真实环境差异限制,实践中难以可靠识别任意 Tor 用户。
HN 关注点:Tor 的匿名性是否会被低成本流记录关联攻击削弱,以及低延迟设计与隐私安全之间的现实权衡。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 1 补充 2
质疑攻击需同时控制入口节点和服务器,只是用 NetFlow 替代包级关联的增量改进;81.4% 准确率受基础比率谬误限制,实际难可靠识别任意用户。
这是流量分析攻击的简化版,Tor 明确不试图对此类攻击提供强防御。它依赖恶意服务器和入口节点;论文贡献在于,若已控制这两者,可用更便宜的数据源(Cisco NetFlow 流记录)而非原始数据包做关联攻击。私有 Tor 网络中的关联效果很亮眼,但论文图表显示真实环境中的关联差异其实很小。文章标题也不准确:演示技术准确率为 81.4%,基础比率谬误会令其在实践中几乎不可用,且 Tor 流量规模越大越如此。总之,这是对已有低延迟匿名系统攻击模式的增量改进;只有在对手能控制你的入口守卫(guard)和通信服务器、又没有预算做包级关联攻击时才是威胁;它不足以可靠识别任意 Tor 用户,但结合先验假设可能更有效。
tedks查看英文原文
This is an easier version of a traffic analysis attack, an attack that Tor expressly does not attempt to provide a strong defense against. It relies on a malicious server and entry node. The contribution of this paper is that if you have the malicious server and entry node, you can use a less expensive data source (Cisco NetFlow data) rather than raw packets to perform a correlation attack. The correlation they achieve in a private Tor network is impressive; however, if you look at the graphs in the actual paper[0], you can see that the differences in correlations are actually quite small in the wild. The title of this post and article is actually incorrect; the technique demonstrated has an 81.4% accuracy. This means that the base rate fallacy will make it nearly unusable in practice, and more so as the scale of Tor traffic grows. For more on the Base Rate Fallacy, see [1]. So in summary: * This is an incremental improvement of an already existing and known attack pattern on low-latency anonymity systems * The technique presented in this paper is only a threat if your threat model is an adversary that can control your entry guard and the server you are trying to communicate with, but does not have the budget for packet-level correlation attacks * This technique does not achieve sufficiently high accuracy and sufficiently low false positives to reliably identify arbitrary Tor users, but might be more successful if used in combination with a prior hypothesis that, say, a specific NSA employee is communicating with GlobalLeaks. [0] https://mice.cs.columbia.edu/getTechreport.php?techreportID=1545&format=pdf [1] http://archives.seul.org/or/dev/Sep-2008/msg00016.html
补充低延迟设计使 Tor 易受流量分析,未来可用延迟和伪装流量做安全与体验权衡。
正如摘要所说,Tor 因为为低延迟而设计,所以容易受到这类流量分析。你放弃了一定安全性,却换来了很多舒适性。也许未来 Tor 可以提供“舒适度”设置,在每一跳引入不同量的延迟、虚假流量和其他隐藏手段。
Tepix查看英文原文
As the summary mentions: Tor is susceptible to this kind of traffic analysis because it was designed for low-latency. You give up a certain amount of security, but gain a lot of comfort. Perhaps a future version of tor can offer a "comfort level" setting that introduces a varying amount of delays, bogus traffic and other concealment methods (ideally at every hop).
补充浏览器指纹可唯一识别用户,质疑 Tor 是否也难逃指纹追踪。
即使在隐身模式下,我机器上的 Chrome 也会输出足够多的独特信息,使其能在 400 万其他用户中被识别。你可以在这里测试自己的浏览器:https://panopticlick.eff.org/ Tor 在 Panopticlick 上表现如何?
colordrops查看英文原文
Even in incognito mode, on my machine Chrome puts out enough unique info identify it across 4 million other users. You can test your browser here: https://panopticlick.eff.org/ How well does Tor do with panopticlick?
历次讨论
- 2014Hacker News 讨论帖289 分 · 82 评
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