安全与密码学2017bitcoin.org编辑精选
比特币:一种点对点的电子现金系统(2008)
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008)
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:哈希函数基础、点对点网络基础、数字签名
导读
中本聪 2008 年发表的比特币白皮书,提出了无需可信第三方的点对点电子现金系统。核心做法是通过工作量证明与最长链机制,让分布式节点在无需信任彼此的情况下就交易顺序达成共识,从而解决双重支付问题。
HN 关注点:这是加密货币领域的奠基性论文,HN 读者长期围绕其可读性、去中心化程度和现实实现与原始愿景的差距展开讨论。
后来怎么样
比特币白皮书成为加密货币领域的奠基性文献,催生了区块链技术和整个加密货币行业,其工作量证明共识机制被后续众多系统广泛采用。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 质疑 1 补充 1 亲历 1
支持推荐注释版白皮书和延伸阅读资料
这篇论文确实精彩,信息量很大。不需要太多背景知识就能读,但可能需要读几遍才能真正理解。推荐 Fermat's Library 上的注释版白皮书(我参与撰写了部分注释,力求为有动力的读者提供理解比特币协议所需的全部资源),Michael Nielsen 关于比特币协议如何运作的博文也非常值得一读。
joaobatalha查看英文原文
It truly is a wonderful paper. Lots of information in it. You don't need that much background knowledge to understand it, but it can take a few reads to wrap your mind around it. I would suggest also taking a look at the annotated version of the whitepaper on Fermat's Library: - https://fermatslibrary.com/s/bitcoin I wrote some of the annotations and tried as much as possible to make it so that this annotated version would provide a motivated reader with all the resources needed to truly understand the bitcoin protocol. Michael Nielsen's blogpost about Bitcoin (http://www.michaelnielsen.org/ddi/how-the-bitcoin-protocol-actually-works/) is also a great read.
亲历亲历:白皮书比想象中简单易懂
我多年来一直没读白皮书,因为以为自己看不懂。最近终于读了,被它的简洁震撼到了。这给我上了重要一课:即使可能无法深入理解,也应该至少尝试去理解这些重大思想。
superquest查看英文原文
I didn't read the whitepaper for years because I assumed I wouldn't understand it. When I finally (recently) did I was dumbstruck by its simplicity. This was a big lesson for me: I should always at least try to understand these big ideas even if deep understanding will probably elude me.
质疑质疑:财富集中和挖矿垄断使比特币已非去中心化
如果 1000 人持有一种号称要服务 75 亿人的货币的 40%,那就不可能称之为去中心化。再加上大部分新挖出的比特币来自中国,算力规模已形成资本壁垒下的垄断。结论是:这是个伟大的实验,但现实世界与一个人的书桌构想截然不同。我为现在入场的不懂行的新投资者感到惋惜——比特币当前的实现已沦为不创造任何价值的金字塔骗局(我指的是比特币的当前实现,而非加密货币这个理念本身)。
hug0查看英文原文
Surely, if 1000 people own 40% of a currency which had evangelical aims to service 7.5 billion people, then it is impossible to call it decentralised... Add this to the obvious fact that the vast majority of new bitcoins mined are from china, which due to the scale of processing power now has a monopoly due to capital barriers. The conclusion is... great experiment, but as in all deliberate implementations of social ,political, or economic theory. The real world is a very different beast to one man's view from a desk. I feel sorry for any new uneducated investors getting in now. This has become nothing more than a pyramid scheme that adds no value whatsoever to the world. Not cryptocurrency as an idea, but bitcoin's current iteration and implementation.
补充补充资料:介绍 Mimblewimble 这一相关设计
另一篇同样出自匿名作者的有趣设计是 Mimblewimble:输出就是 Pedersen 承诺 r*G+v*H,所有权即知晓其盲化因子 r。这需要发送方和接收方交互来共同构造签名,但允许所有已花费的输出从区块链历史中完全删除。
tromp查看英文原文
Another very interesting design by an anonymous author is https://scalingbitcoin.org/papers/mimblewimble.txt where outputs are simply Pedersen commitments r*G+v*H, and ownership is knowledge of their blinding factor r. This require an interaction between sender and receiver to jointly construct a signature, but allows all spent outputs to be completely removed from blockchain history.
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2017Hacker News 讨论帖516 分 · 385 评
- 2022Hacker News 讨论帖20 分 · 9 评
同领域还值得读
如何入侵一台已关机的电脑:在 Intel ME 中运行未签名代码
How to hack a turned-off computer, or running unsigned code in Intel ME
这篇 Black Hat 2017 白皮书讨论 Intel Management Engine(ME)的安全问题:如何在 ME 中运行未签名代码,以及攻破处于关机状态的电脑的相关…
安全与密码学2017 · 543 分 · 107 评专业 · 约 40 分钟编辑精选GPRS 加密算法 GEA-1 的密码分析表明存在故意弱点
Cryptanalysis of GPRS Encryption Algorithms GEA-1 suggest intentional weakness
首次公开了对 GPRS 加密算法 GEA-1 和 GEA-2 的密码分析攻击。
安全与密码学2021 · 487 分 · 107 评专业 · 约 90 分钟编辑精选Signal 消息协议的形式化安全分析
A Formal Security Analysis of the Signal Messaging Protocol
用形式化方法分析 Signal 消息协议(TextSecure)的安全性:作者在多阶段密钥交换模型下,借助自动化证明工具对协议的密钥协商与 Double Ratchet 密钥更新…
安全与密码学2016 · 353 分 · 230 评专业 · 约 120 分钟编辑精选A2:模拟恶意硬件
A2: Analog Malicious Hardware
论文研究如何在芯片设计阶段植入模拟电路形式的恶意硬件后门,使其难以被常规检测发现。
安全与密码学2016 · 315 分 · 94 评专业 · 约 75 分钟编辑精选Air-FI:从气隙隔离计算机生成隐蔽 Wi-Fi 信号
Air-FI: Generating Covert Wi-Fi Signals from Air-Gapped Computers
研究如何从物理隔离(air-gapped)的计算机中隐蔽地外泄数据:利用内存总线产生的电磁泄漏,在 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi 频段内编码信息,使附近的普通 Wi-Fi 网卡(如…
安全与密码学2020 · 294 分 · 105 评 · 引用 3进阶 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选