生物与医学2021cell.com
纵向分析显示 SARS-CoV-2 感染后免疫记忆持久存在
Longitudinal analysis shows durable immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 infection
进阶 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:免疫学基础、抗体与免疫记忆、SARS-CoV-2 基础
导读
这篇发表在 Cell Reports Medicine 的纵向分析研究追踪 SARS-CoV-2 感染者,考察感染后免疫记忆是否持久,结论是感染后可形成较持久的免疫记忆。研究关注自然感染后的抗体与免疫记忆持续时间,为“感染后是否仍需疫苗”等讨论提供背景证据。
HN 关注点:是因为结果容易被用来争论自然感染免疫与疫苗免疫的强弱,以及已有抗体者是否还应被要求接种疫苗。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 1 补充 2
补充强调疫苗免疫比自然感染更广谱、更持久且更安全。
我并不否认感染新冠获得的免疫有效,但也要指出:证据显示 mRNA 疫苗诱导的保护性抗体相比感染获得的抗体,能靶向更广的 SARS-CoV-2 变异株;疫苗提供更长、更强的免疫;而且通过接种获得抗体比通过感染生病安全得多。
SideburnsOfDoom查看英文原文
Not to disagree with the effectiveness of immunity gained by getting Covid-19, but also: "The evidence shows that protective antibodies generated in response to an mRNA vaccine will target a broader range of SARS-CoV-2 variants ... compared to antibodies acquired from an infection." https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2021/06/22/how-immunity-generated-from-covid-19-vaccines-differs-from-an-infection/ "Vaccination offers longer, stronger immunity" https://www.jhsph.edu/covid-19/articles/why-covid-19-vaccines-offer-better-protection-than-infection.html "Why a vaccine can provide better immunity than an actual infection" https://theconversation.com/why-a-vaccine-can-provide-better-immunity-than-an-actual-infection-145476 "Why You Need to Get Vaccinated Even If You’ve Already Had COVID-19" https://www.healthline.com/health-news/why-you-need-to-get-vaccinated-even-if-youve-already-had-covid-19 And also, vaccination is a much, much safer way to get antibodies, than via getting sick with Covid-19.
补充提醒自然感染免疫伴随更高的重症和长期后遗症风险。
“获得”自然免疫还伴随比疫苗高得多的副作用概率:死亡、住院、慢性疾病,其中可能包括长期神经损伤。无论是把“自然免疫”当作公共卫生策略,还是个人策略,都应记住这一点。
mbgerring查看英文原文
“Acquiring” natural immunity also has the following side effects at a much higher rate than the vaccine: - Death - Hospitalization - Chronic illness, which can include long-term neurological impairment I feel like it’s important to keep that in mind if you’re either advocating “natural immunity” as a public health strategy, or considering it a personal strategy.
质疑评论者主张:若自然感染免疫持久,强制接种对已有抗体者缺乏伦理依据。
和那些以“我已经得过新冠”为由拒绝疫苗的人交谈时,记住这类研究很重要。从很现实的意义上说,如果自然抗体持久、持续且有效,那么疫苗就是不必要医疗程序;医生不会无缘无故截掉你的腿,那是不道德的。疫苗和其他医疗程序一样,如果收益存疑,医生实施它就不道德。然而越来越多场所、工作单位和活动要求接种证明,这迫使已有抗体的人、甚至无法产生抗体的人(如免疫缺陷者、实体器官移植者)接受几乎无益的医疗程序。首先,不要伤害。
015a查看英文原文
Its important to keep studies like this in mind when talking with people who refuse to take the vaccine because they "already had COVID". In a very real sense, if natural antibodies are durable, persistent, and effective; the vaccine is an unnecessary medical procedure. Doctors would not cut off your legs for no reason; that would be unethical. The vaccine is a medical procedure like any other; if the benefit is questionable, it would be unethical for doctors to administer it. Yet, we have an increasing number of venues, workplaces, and events which are requiring proof of vaccination to participate. This is forcing both people who already have antibodies, and even people who can't make antibodies (e.g. immunocompromised, solid organ transplant, etc), to undergo a medical procedure for little to no benefit. Primum non nocere
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