生物与医学2021pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
HIV mRNA 疫苗:进展与未来路径
HIV mRNA Vaccines-Progress and Future Paths
进阶 · 约 35 分钟读完前置知识:免疫学基础、病毒学基础、mRNA疫苗原理
导读
这篇综述梳理HIV mRNA疫苗的研发进展与未来路径,讨论mRNA平台用于HIV疫苗的潜力与障碍。HIV变异和免疫逃逸机制复杂,作者认为HIV疫苗研发很可能比COVID-19 mRNA疫苗困难得多。
HN 关注点:COVID-19 mRNA疫苗的成功能否复制到更棘手的HIV上,以及HIV疫苗审批和科研模式的问题。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 质疑 1 补充 1
支持HIV免疫逃逸复杂,COVID mRNA疫苗的成功有特殊前提,HIV疫苗难度更大。
全文在这里:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7915550/ 值得记住HIV有多么复杂和不寻常,它有自我改写、免疫逃逸的功能。COVID-19的mRNA疫苗非常幸运,不仅因为冠状病毒不像HIV那样狡猾地与宿主免疫系统共同进化,还因为spike蛋白在此之前已经“解决”了——我们知道如何做出一种不需要完整包膜也能正确折叠的spike蛋白版本。mRNA序列在2020年1月就准备好了,剩下只是生产、测试和分发。HIV疫苗很可能复杂得多,正如作者在最后一章指出的。PS:有时我希望自己是研究医生而不是计算机科学家,不过大概这山望着那山高吧 :)
H8crilA查看英文原文
The full text is available here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7915550/ It's always good to remember just how crazy complicated and unusual HIV is, with its self-rewrite immune escape functionality. The mRNA vaccine for covid-19 was very lucky, not only because coronaviruses are not the devilishly clever co-evolving with the host's immune system HIV type of things, but also because the spike protein was already "solved" ahead of the pandemic. By that i mean we knew how to create a version of the spike protein that doesn't require the full envelope to fold properly. The mRNA sequence was ready in January 2020, the rest was just manufacturing, testing and distribution. The HIV vaccine will be most likely much more complicated, as the authors point out in the last chapter. PS. Sometimes I wish I was a research doctor instead of a computer scientist, but I guess the grass is always greener :)
补充追问HIV疫苗是否可能像COVID疫苗一样紧急授权,还是仍需十年审批。
全球每年HIV死亡人数达数十万,但分布更不均衡且污名化更重,那么这种疫苗也会获得紧急使用授权吗,还是很可能要走完整的10年流程?
hackerbabz查看英文原文
With global HIV deaths in hundreds of thousands each year, but less evenly distributed and more stigmatized, will this vaccine be given emergency authorization as well, or is it likely to go through the full 10 year process?
质疑质疑硅谷式DIY生物科研的安全风险,认为低调受控的专业实验室反而更安全。
我还在等硅谷来“颠覆”科研。像https://www.the-odin.com/这样的地方乍看很吓人。但如果你在分子生物学实验室工作过,就会知道竞争、错失恐惧等压力会迫使人们走绝不该走的捷径。而且“危险”病原体和试剂的高流量、高密度会让错误呈指数级增加。这些地方也很高调,因此会成为间谍活动以及“其他”事件(押韵词以t开头,指恐怖主义)的目标。讽刺的结果是,专业分子生物实验室对工作人员和环境可能还不如某人的地下室安全。基于流行病学论证,一个受控、低调的工作场所更安全;在那里出“错”更可能导致实验失败,而不是灾难。
bawana查看英文原文
I am still waiting for silicon valley to 'disrupt' research. Places like https://www.the-odin.com/ look scary at first blush. But if you've ever worked in a molecular biology lab, you know how competition, FOMO, and other pressures force shortcuts that should never be taken. In addition, the high traffic and 'density' of 'dangerous' agents and reagents makes errors exponentially more likely. These places are also high profile and as such targets for espionage as well as 'other' events (rhymes with error-ist and starts with a 't') .The resulting irony is that professional mol bio labs might be less safe for the workers and the environment than someone's basement. A contained low profile workplace is safer based on epidemiological arguments. An 'error' there is much more likely to result in a failed experiment than a disaster.
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