生物与医学2025elifesciences.org
跨代表观遗传：学习性回避的故事
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: the story of learned avoidance
入门 · 约 35 分钟读完前置知识：基础遗传学、表观遗传学概念
导读
这篇论文探讨跨代表观遗传：亲代经历（如创伤或习得性回避）能否通过非 DNA 序列改变的表观机制传递给后代。文章围绕小鼠气味恐惧实验等研究展开，讨论这类遗传的证据强度与争议。
HN 关注点：表观遗传是否真能跨代传递直接影响我们对遗传、创伤代际影响的理解，且涉及公共政策，因此引发 HN 读者激烈讨论。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：支持 1 质疑 1 补充 2
补充跨代表观遗传若成立，将带来重大公共政策影响
这与政策相关，因为它回答了我们是否携带上一代的表观遗传包袱。比如父母或祖父母经历的创伤可能导致我们行为改变和更差的结果。如果属实，将对公共政策产生深远影响。
mmaunder查看英文原文
This relates to policy because it addresses the question of whether we carry epigenetic baggage from prior generations. For example, trauma that our parents, or grandparents experienced could lead to behavior modifications and poorer outcomes in us. If that is the case, it has profound public policy implications.
质疑质疑：可遗传的东西是否本质上就该算遗传物质
如果它能遗传，那按定义这不就是基因吗？
terminalshort查看英文原文
If it's inheritable wouldn't that make it by definition genetic?
补充从细胞谱系角度看，表观遗传跨代影响并不神秘
表观遗传看似神奇，但退一步看并不神秘。细胞受环境影响并做出反应——这没有争议。真核生物通常通过 DNA 上的化学标记上调或下调基因表达来实现，机制可追溯。所有细胞都是其他细胞的后代，减数分裂时细胞内外化学环境由子细胞共享，人类胚胎也是如此。你的基因表达当然受你父母（至少是母亲）经历的影响，因为你就是由源自母亲细胞的细胞谱系构成的。问一个生物体如何被它没经历过的事影响固然是个难题，但把一串细胞谱系放在一起看，后来者受早期环境压力影响就没那么神秘了——我们都是延伸的细胞谱系。（好像首次当妈妈的人担心的还不够多似的——别太焦虑，否则可能造成持久的不可逆改变……）
roughly查看英文原文
Epigenetics is one of those things that seems wild until you pull the camera back a bit. A cell is affected by and responds to its surroundings - this is not controversial. In eukaryotes, this is usually done by way of altering gene expression - up- or down-regulation by means of chemical markers on the cell’s DNA which are created or removed by enzymes which are activated or deactivated by certain substances in the cell or its environment - in other words, the cell’s environment affects gene regulation within the cell by traceable mechanisms*. All cells, save at least one, are descendent of other cells, and cells split by meiosis, in which the chemical environment within and without the cell is shared by the “descendent” cell - so of course this happens with human embryos as well. Of course the expression of your genes is affected by what happened to your parents (well, your mother, at least), because gene expression is affected by what happens to a cell and you are made up of a lineage of cells descended from your mother’s cells. If you ask how one organism could be affected by something it didn’t experience, sure, that could be a quandary, but looking at a line of cells and wondering how later ones could be affected by environmental pressures on earlier ones isn’t nearly as much of a mystery, and we’re all just extended cell lineages. (As if first time mothers didn’t have enough to worry about - stop stressing so much, it could lead to long-lasting irreversible changes to your fetus!) * Standard biology disclaimers: this is not the only way this happens, this varies across species and time, nature has no master plan. “Some of the time some genes have some amount of their expression modified somewhat by some mechanisms that are somewhat responsive to some part of the cell’s environment sometimes.”
支持表观遗传让拉马克主义部分翻案
这么说拉马克也不算全错，达尔文看到这些结果一定会着迷。
shevy-java查看英文原文
So Lamarck wasn't entirely incorrect either. Darwin would have been fascinated by these results.
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