生物与医学2025nature.com
对玩具表现出极端动机的宠物狗具有类似成瘾的行为特征
Addictive-like behavioural traits in pet dogs with extreme motivation for toys
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:动物行为学基础、行为成瘾概念
导读
这篇发表在 Scientific Reports 上的研究调查了部分宠物犬对玩具表现出极端动机的现象,并检验这类犬是否在行为特征上与人类的“行为成瘾”有相似之处。研究指出,工作犬种(如寻回犬、边境牧羊犬等长期被人工选育强化衔取或捕猎动机的品系)在样本中占比偏高。作者本人也强调,目前缺乏公认的判定标准,因此并未断言这些犬真的“成瘾”,并提醒不应轻易把行为病理化。
HN 关注点:HN 读者一方面以自家犬的亲身经历印证了论文描述;另一方面也质疑“行为成瘾”这一概念本身是否成立,并指出论文的实际结论其实接近零结果,媒体报道可能夸大了它。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 1 补充 1 亲历 2
亲历从金毛的亲身经历出发,认为工作犬种被选育出极端的玩具动机,解释了样本偏差。
这也许并不意外:工作犬种在样本中占比过高,而其中许多品系已知被人工选育出很高的玩具或捕猎动机。我养的金毛给我的感觉就是这样:追网球对她来说不只是玩耍,更是她存在的意义、是她对群体的贡献。实际上吃东西的优先级比追球高,但除此之外几乎没有别的能比得上。养她的时候我以为“寻回”只是可选项,结果发现是强制项——也就是说,我被迫负责扔那个该死的球。
delichon查看英文原文
Perhaps not surprising, working breeds – many of which are known to have been artificially selected for high toy or predatory motivation – were overrepresented in the sample. This is the vibe I get from my golden retriever. Chasing the tennis ball is more than play, it's a justification for life, her contribution to the pack. Actually eating food has a higher priority than chasing the ball, but not much else does. When I got her I thought that the "retriever" part was optional but it turns out to be obligate. As in I'm obligated to throw the damn ball.
亲历边境牧羊犬在疼痛受伤时仍执着追球,说明这是长期选育的产物,主人必须强制干预。
只要视野里有飞盘或球,我家的母边境牧羊犬连基本的生理需求都不顾。她会在疼痛、力竭或冷得发抖时照样追,而且毫不在意。她患有狼疮性甲营养不良症,指甲长出来是畸形、开裂且疼痛的,可她就算爪子流血、几乎走不动路,也仍然执着于某种奔跑类的游戏或任务。作为主人,我们必须介入,拿走她执念的对象,强制她停下来。这是几个世纪以来选育出“专注于某项任务并从中获得高于一切的快乐”的结果。
cmrdporcupine查看英文原文
If there's a frisbee or ball in sight, my female border collie won't even attend to basic bodily needs. And she'll chase the object while she's in pain and exhausted or shivering with cold and not notice. She has lupoid onychodystrophy which causes her nails to come in deformed and split and painful and she'll still obsess on some running play/task while she's got bleeding paws and can barely walk. An an owner we have to intervene to remove the object of obsession and force disengagement. This is a product of centuries of breeding to focus on a task and enjoy the task above all else.
质疑批评“行为成瘾”研究整体质量不高,并指出论文本身是零结果、作者明确拒绝下定论,媒体标题存在误导。
确实如此。很大程度上是因为所有关于“行为成瘾”的研究要么发表在二三流期刊上,要么在正规期刊上就是阴性结果。这种东西在哺乳动物身上其实并不存在,它当下的流行主要来自牟利骗局——那些康复“诊所”利用“屏幕会成瘾”的 meme 从当下的家长群体身上赚钱。而且,尽管新闻标题暗示了相反的意思(媒体多半也会照着这些错误标题跑),研究本身并没有发现任何成瘾行为,这是一个零结果。论文原文也说:“尽管观察到高 AB(行为成瘾特征)犬与受行为成瘾影响的人类之间存在相似之处,但鉴于目前缺乏公认的基准或标准化标准,我们不贸然将这些犬定性为表现出成瘾行为。在把行为病理化时必须谨慎,尤其是即便在人类身上,成瘾行为依然难以定义和测量。”
superkuh查看英文原文
>Behavioural addictions, characterised by compulsive engagement in rewarding activities despite adverse consequences in the long term, are more heterogeneous and less well-understood than substance addictions Indeed. Mostly because every study on "behavioral addictions" is published in third tier journals or is a negative result in real journals. It's something that doesn't actually exist in mammals and it's current popularity is mostly from profit seeking scams for rehabilitation "clinics" preying on the 'screens are addictive' meme burning through current parent populations. And despite the headlines suggesting otherwise, and the press likely running with those false headlines, *the actual study itself does not find any addictive behavior*. A null result. >Despite the observed parallels between high-AB dogs and humans affected by behavioural addictions, we refrain from conclusively characterising high-AB dogs as exhibiting addictive behaviour, given the absence of established benchmarks or standardised criteria. It is important to be cautious when pathologising behaviour, especially given that even in humans, addictive behaviours are still difficult to define and measure.
补充认为玩具执念可以被主人预防,频繁用抛球器扔球反而会强化问题。
我们养了一只史宾格、一只可卡和一只史宾格与可卡的混血。我们知道对这类东西上瘾是个问题,所以从一开始就没让它发展起来。我确实认为那些不停地扔球、尤其是用抛球器的人,是傻瓜。
callamdelaney查看英文原文
We have a springer, cocker and a sprocker. We knew that addiction to these things were a problem and so we didn’t allow it to develop. I do think that people who are constantly throwing balls, especially with a wanger, are idiots.
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