能源、气候与材料2025ieeexplore.ieee.org
60 Hz作为电力频率的起源(1997)
The origins of 60-Hz as a power frequency (1997)
入门 · 约 40 分钟读完前置知识:交流电与频率基础、电力系统基本概念、工业标准化历史
导读
这篇 1997 年的 IEEE 论文回顾了电力系统为何以 60 Hz(以及欧洲的 50 Hz)作为标准工频的历史渊源,梳理了早期发电与输电技术竞争中的技术选择和标准化过程。文章解释了这一沿用至今的频率并非最优设计,而是历史路径依赖的结果。
HN 关注点:HN 读者对基础设施标准背后的历史成因很感兴趣,讨论焦点延伸到:如果今天重新设计电网,理想的频率和电压应该是什么。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:补充 4
补充提出思想实验:抛开历史包袱,现代电网的理想频率和电压是什么
如果我们能抛开沉没成本、神奇地为电力系统重新选择频率和电压,会选什么?对现代电网和电子设备来说什么最高效?会是更高的频率(比如 1000Hz)吗?我知道更高电压更危险但传输功率更容易(欧盟 240V 的烤面包机就更好用),好奇我们是否也会选不同的电压并设计更好更安全的插座。
freeqaz查看英文原文
If we could magically pick a frequency and voltage for electrical systems to use (without sunk costs), what would it be? What's the most efficient for modern grids and electronics? Would it be a higher frequency (1000hz)? I know higher voltage systems are more dangerous but make it easier to transmit more power (toaster ovens in the EU are better because of 240v). I'm curious if we would pick a different voltage too and just have better/safer outlets.
补充日本因历史原因电网分裂为 50Hz 和 60Hz 两个区域
有趣的事实:由于历史上购买的发电机不同,日本同时使用 60Hz 和 50Hz 两种市电频率。这导致日本电网被分成两个难以互通电力的区域。
mrb查看英文原文
The 60 Hz grid is why we have HDDs spinning at 7200 RPM. Because of 60 Hz, it was simpler to design AC electrical motors to spin at 3600 RPM or 7200 RPM (1x or 2x factor). When DC motors were made, for compatibility with AC motors, they often spun at the same speed (3600 or 7200 RPM) even though there was no electrical reason to do so. When HDD manufacturers selected DC motors for their drives, they picked 3600 RPM models as they were very common. Then, for performance reasons, in the 1990s, 7200 became more common than 3600 eventually.
补充HDD 的 7200 RPM 转速标准源自 60Hz 交流电机的转速设计
60Hz 电网是 HDD 转速为 7200 RPM 的原因:基于 60Hz 设计交流电机更容易做到 3600 或 7200 RPM(1 倍或 2 倍转速)。后来直流电机为兼容交流电机也沿用相同转速,HDD 厂商选用了常见的 3600 RPM 型号,90 年代出于性能考虑 7200 RPM 逐渐成为主流。
mrb查看英文原文
The 60 Hz grid is why we have HDDs spinning at 7200 RPM. Because of 60 Hz, it was simpler to design AC electrical motors to spin at 3600 RPM or 7200 RPM (1x or 2x factor). When DC motors were made, for compatibility with AC motors, they often spun at the same speed (3600 or 7200 RPM) even though there was no electrical reason to do so. When HDD manufacturers selected DC motors for their drives, they picked 3600 RPM models as they were very common. Then, for performance reasons, in the 1990s, 7200 became more common than 3600 eventually.
补充60Hz 电网频率让电表时钟走时简单可靠
60 Hz 让时钟保持准确变得非常简单。
alex_young查看英文原文
60 Hz sure makes it easy to keep clocks on time.
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