神经科学与心理学2024nature.com
脑回路评分识别抑郁/焦虑的临床不同生物型
Brain circuit scores identify clinically distinct biotypes in depression/anxiety
进阶 · 约 60 分钟读完前置知识:功能磁共振成像基础、脑功能网络(默认模式/突显网络)、精神病学诊断分类基础
导读
这项研究试图用脑功能回路评分,把抑郁/焦虑患者划分为临床上可区分的生物型,以解释症状异质性和不同患者对治疗反应差异。核心做法是基于功能磁共振计算六个脑回路(默认模式、突显、注意、威胁、奖赏、认知控制)相关评分,并与健康样本比较。
HN 关注点:究竟能否指导治疗,还是只是把已知的症状差异用 MRI 重新包装,以及因果方向和方法可复现性。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 3 亲历 1
质疑质疑研究价值:只是用影像确认已知症状分组,对治疗没有实际帮助。
是我一个人觉得这很荒谬吗?他们只是把症状不同的人分开,然后在 MRI 上显示出来。这只能证明不用 MRI 也能推出这些脑“生物型”。这有什么新、特别或必要?我们需要治疗,不是更多告诉我们已知情况的检测。
Spod_Gaju查看英文原文
IS it just me or is this ridiculous? They separated people who were having different symptoms and they showed it in MRIs. All this does is prove that you can derive these brain "biotypes" without the MRI. Why is this new or special or needed? We need treatment, not more tests to tell us what we already know.
亲历支持:抑郁高度异质,需要生物分型来匹配治疗;并分享氯胺酮/TMS 疗效差异的亲历。
我认为这项研究很棒。我常说(肯定也是听别人说的)“抑郁不是疾病,而是症状”。抑郁治疗有点像把东西往墙上扔看哪个有效,因为不同治疗作用于大脑不同部位,而患者来了我们常不知道抑郁的潜在病因。我患慢性抑郁,每 5-6 年严重发作。我很幸运,氯胺酮输注治疗对我效果惊人,像修好了脑子里的开关。但我也认识其他慢性抑郁者做氯胺酮无效(其中一人从 TMS 获益很大)。关键是精神科都知道有些干预对某些人很好、对另一些人无效。更多这类研究应能帮我们更好靶向治疗。
hn_throwaway_99查看英文原文
I think this research is great. I've often said (and I'm sure I heard it somewhere else first) "Depression is not a disease, it's a symptom". The treatment for depression is kind of "throw stuff against the wall and see what works", because while different treatments target different parts of the brain, if someone comes in with depression we often don't know what the underlying etiology of that depression is. I suffer(ed) from chronic depression, and I'd get "bouts" of severe episodes every 5-6 years or so. I was very fortunate in that ketamine infusion therapy was a complete and amazing godsend for me - it was like it fixed a switch in my head. But I know other people with chronic depression that did ketamine therapy that got no benefit (but at least in one case they did get a lot of benefit from a different treatment, TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation). My point is that basically everyone in the field of psychiatry knows that some interventions work great for some people while having no effect on others. More research like this should allow us to better target treatments.
质疑质疑因果方向:脑差异是抑郁的原因还是结果。
因果关系如何确立?数据似乎支持两种结论:A)我们找到了天生易患抑郁/焦虑的大脑类型;B)我们找到了抑郁/焦虑思维在 MRI 上留下的模式。
Liquix查看英文原文
how is causality established? the data seems to support either conclusion: A.) we found the types of brains that are inherently prone to depression/anxiety B.) we found the patterns that depressive/anxious thoughts make on MRIs
质疑方法细节不透明且依赖旧文,六个网络的推导步骤复杂,质疑可复现性和解释力。
我觉得这篇文章读起来令人沮丧,因为推导六个网络的方法在更早的论文里。基本是:a)用 Neurosynth.org 对“默认模式、突显、注意、威胁、奖赏、认知控制”这些检索词做元分析;Neurosynth 很棒,去看看。b)得到的区域对在回归任务效应后量化内在功能连接。我不理解“pairs”这个词,因为 Neurosynth 不提供任何成对的东西(比如 ROI),除非指体素对。c)然后变得很乱:“为识别感兴趣区,我们把默认模式、突显和注意回路视为任务无关,把负性情感、正性情感和认知控制回路视为任务诱发(详见表 S3)。我们通过先排除低 tSNR 和低灰质拟合的区域来精炼回路特征。我们评估内部一致性,并在健康样本中排除那些与回路外区域对的连接强于回路内区域对的区域对。从最终区域集中,我们识别出与假设功能障碍相关的子集,并参照健康样本推导回路临床评分(详见表 S5)。”
SubiculumCode查看英文原文
I am finding the article frustrating to read, as the methods to derive the six networks is in an older paper [1][pdf link] Its basically: a) Use Neurosynth.org to perform metanalytic analysis associated with these search terms: “Default Mode, Salience, Attention, Threat, Reward, and Cognitive Control" Neurosynth is awesome, check it out. b) Resulting region pairs were quantified for intrinsic functional connectivity after regressing out task effects. * I don't understand the word 'pairs' here since Neurosynth does not provide pairs of anything (i.e. ROI's), unless they mean pairs of voxels. c) quote: then it gets really messy with : "o identify regions of interest (B) we considered the default mode, salience, and attention circuits to be task-free and the negative affect, positive affect, and cognitive control circuits to be task-evoked (details in Table S3). We refined our circuit features by first excluding regions based on low tSNR and low fit to gray matter (C). We evaluated internal consistency and excluded region pairs whose connectivity showed stronger associations with out-of-circuit region pairs than within-circuit region pairs in our healthy sample (E). From the resulting set of regions (E) we identified the subset implicated in hypothesized dysfunction and derived circuit clinical scores references to a healthy sample (F; details in Table S5)." [1][pdf link] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511971/pdf/nihms-1738043.pdf
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2024Hacker News 讨论帖201 分 · 95 评
同领域还值得读
神经科学家能理解微处理器吗?(2017)
Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor? (2017)
提出一个思想实验:把神经科学常用的分析方法(损伤实验、电生理、功能定位等)应用到一个我们完全了解其原理的工程系统——6502 微处理器(运行游戏)上,检验这些方法能否真正“理解”…
神经科学与心理学2017 · 411 分 · 135 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选大脑衰老呈现非线性转变,提示中年“关键窗口”
Brain aging shows nonlinear transitions, suggesting a midlife "critical window"
这篇 PNAS 论文研究大脑衰老的非线性变化,发现大脑老化并非匀速进行,而是在中年(约 40-60 岁)存在一个关键的"临界窗口期",此时干预可能有效。
神经科学与心理学2025 · 295 分 · 159 评进阶 · 约 75 分钟编辑精选社交网络中大规模情绪传染的证据(2014)
Evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks (2014)
这篇 2014 年发表于 PNAS 的论文研究了 Facebook 上约 70 万用户的信息流中,减少正面或负面内容是否会传染性地影响用户自己发布内容的情绪。
神经科学与心理学2020 · 285 分 · 72 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选裸盖菇素使人类大脑去同步化
Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain
这篇 Nature 研究用个体化的 fMRI 精密成像追踪受试者服用裸盖菇素(psilocybin)前后的脑功能连接变化,发现药物会造成大范围的脑网络「去同步化」,尤其是默认模式…
神经科学与心理学2024 · 273 分 · 259 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选对智力的赞扬会削弱儿童的动机与表现(1998)
Praise for Intelligence Can Undermine Children's Motivation (1998)
这篇 1998 年的经典论文(Dweck 等人)通过实验研究表扬方式对儿童动机的影响:夸孩子“聪明”(表扬智力)会让他们回避挑战、害怕失败,而表扬努力则更能培养坚持性。
神经科学与心理学2016 · 253 分 · 155 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选