神经科学与心理学2024allanschore.com编辑精选
早期关系性创伤的影响（2001）
The Effects of Early Relational Trauma (2001)
进阶 · 约 90 分钟读完前置知识：依恋理论、发展神经科学、应激生理与情绪调节
导读
这是 Schore 2001 年发表于《Infant Mental Health Journal》的理论综述，从依恋理论与发展神经科学出发，探讨早期关系性创伤（如严重忽视、虐待，以及照护者关系本身的失调）如何影响婴儿大脑发育，尤其是右半球与应激调节系统的成熟。作者认为这类早期创伤会损害情感调节能力与依恋组织（如混乱型依恋），并对个体长期的心理与生理健康留下持续影响。
HN 关注点：的焦点是依恋理论的解释力与童年创伤的普遍性：有人分享自身康复路径，有人质疑当代儿童是否真的比过去更受创伤。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
补充列出自己亲测有帮助的依恋理论书目，按“打基础”和“实际疗愈”分类。
依恋理论是个很有意思的话题。下面几本书在理解和疗愈上帮到了我（现在仍有问题，但在好转）：1. Sue Johnson《Love Sense》；2. Diane Poole Heller《The Power of Attachment》；3. Shemmings 夫妇《Understanding Disorganized Attachment》；4. van der Kolk《The Body Keeps the Score》；5. Sue Johnson《Hold Me Tight》；6. Eugene Gendlin 的 Focusing 练习；7. Tim Larkin《How to survive the most critical 5 seconds of your life》。前四本打基础，讲机制、可能的方向，帮助梳理与规划疗愈；第五、六本是实际的疗愈，前者偏伴侣，后者偏个人；最后一本讲的是受创者身体里被理性压抑的暴力智慧。
igorramazanov查看英文原文
Attachment Theory is an interesting subject on the matter. A few useful books which helped me with both understanding and healing (there're still problems, but it gets better): 1. Love Sense, Sue Johnson. 2. The Power of Attachment, Diane Pooler Heller. 3. Understanding Disorganized Attachment: Theory and Practice for Working with Children and Adults, David, Shemmings and Yvonne Shemmings. 4. The Body Keeps the Score, Bessel van der Kolk. 5. Hold Me Tight: Seven Conversations for a Lifetime of Love, Sue Johnson. 6. "Focusing" practice, Eugene Gendlin. 7. How to survive the most critical 5 seconds of your life, Tim Larkin. The first four lay down foundations, explaining the mechanics, possible solutions, will help in navigating, filtering and planning the healing. The 5th and 6th are actual healing, former for couples, the latter mostly for individuals. The last one is about a wisdom of violence embedded into the body of affected individuals which is likely suppressed by the rational part of the mind.
亲历亲历者讲述严重童年创伤的具体经历，并指出最持久的影响是无法为自己发声。
终于有个话题能让我凭童年经历当“专家”了！别人常说我黑色幽默品位不佳，但这是最好的应对机制之一。我最早的记忆是因为不肯吃完盘子里的饭，母亲把食物糊了我一脸，我记得辣椒呛得眼睛疼。父亲每周都威胁要打死家里的狗来逼我听话。12 岁前我不能独自出门，因此没什么社交，直到三十多岁的今天仍很难交到朋友。他们还天天威胁说要把我“交给儿童保护机构”，后来真的送去了两年——我并非问题少年，也没碰毒品。学校心理老师常把我叫去，在父母面前把我弄哭，永远怪我，从没问过家里发生了什么。有次我申请需要高等级安全审查的工作，要写“童年与青春期的所有创伤”，我写了两页、一行一条，并说明数量太多无法写全。核心问题之一是无法为自己出头：默认情况下我就认定出了坏事一定是我的错，别人无端指责我，我就接受并道歉。
TeeMassive查看英文原文
Finally a subject my childhood makes me "expert" at! People often say that I have a unsavory dark humor, but it's one of the best coping mechanism out there. My earliest memory is my mother spreading food all over my face because I didn't want to finish my plate. I remember my eyes hurting because of the pepper in it. My father threatened to shoot the family dog on a weekly basis to make me behave. I could not leave the house alone until I was around 12, thus making me not socialized. To this day in my 30s I have a hard time forming friendship. They also threatened me on a daily basis to "give me to CPS". Then they actually did it for two years. I wasn't a delinquent or violent mind you, and didn't do drugs. They would often bring me in front of the school's psychologist and he would make me cry in front of them, always blaming me, never once asking me what was going on at home. Once I applied for a job that required a high security clearance. I had to write "all the traumas of your childhood and your adolescence". I filled two pages, one trauma per line, and I just told them that I couldn't be exhaustive because of the sheer quantity. But I think I can stop here, you get the point. One of the main thing is the inability of standing up for myself. By default and unless proven otherwise, I'm already convinced that if something bad happens then this is my fault. If someone accuses me of something bogus, I just accept the accusation and apologize. This got me in real deep trouble more than once; fortunately not as an adult. Also not being able to say "no" and being of hurting people feelings to the point of absurdity. I could do an AMA in this thread if someone's interested lol
补充推荐《The Deepest Well》，指出童年创伤对成年健康有可测量且巨大的影响。
真正引起我共鸣的是《The Deepest Well》一书，讲童年创伤的流行程度及其对成年健康结局深远而可测量的影响。我从中得知，解决童年创伤对社会健康结局的助益，量级上相当于治愈癌症。
softwaredoug查看英文原文
One book that really resonated with me was "The Deepest Well" about the epidemic of childhood trauma and its deep and measurable impact on health outcomes for adults. I learned that resolving childhood trauma would help on the order of curing cancer in terms of health outcomes in our society https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/33413909-the-deepest-well
质疑质疑：以历史尺度看，当代儿童是否真的更受创伤。
现在的孩子比过去更受创伤吗？感觉过去对孩子更严酷。
canjobear查看英文原文
Are children more traumatized now than in the past? Seems like the past was harder on children.
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
- 视频与演讲
历次讨论
- 2024Hacker News 讨论帖203 分 · 195 评
同领域还值得读
神经科学家能理解微处理器吗？（2017）
Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor? (2017)
提出一个思想实验：把神经科学常用的分析方法（损伤实验、电生理、功能定位等）应用到一个我们完全了解其原理的工程系统——6502 微处理器（运行游戏）上，检验这些方法能否真正“理解”…
神经科学与心理学2017 · 411 分 · 135 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选大脑衰老呈现非线性转变，提示中年“关键窗口”
Brain aging shows nonlinear transitions, suggesting a midlife "critical window"
这篇 PNAS 论文研究大脑衰老的非线性变化，发现大脑老化并非匀速进行，而是在中年（约 40-60 岁）存在一个关键的"临界窗口期"，此时干预可能有效。
神经科学与心理学2025 · 295 分 · 159 评进阶 · 约 75 分钟编辑精选社交网络中大规模情绪传染的证据（2014）
Evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks (2014)
这篇 2014 年发表于 PNAS 的论文研究了 Facebook 上约 70 万用户的信息流中，减少正面或负面内容是否会传染性地影响用户自己发布内容的情绪。
神经科学与心理学2020 · 285 分 · 72 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选裸盖菇素使人类大脑去同步化
Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain
这篇 Nature 研究用个体化的 fMRI 精密成像追踪受试者服用裸盖菇素（psilocybin）前后的脑功能连接变化，发现药物会造成大范围的脑网络「去同步化」，尤其是默认模式…
神经科学与心理学2024 · 273 分 · 259 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选对智力的赞扬会削弱儿童的动机与表现（1998）
Praise for Intelligence Can Undermine Children's Motivation (1998)
这篇 1998 年的经典论文（Dweck 等人）通过实验研究表扬方式对儿童动机的影响：夸孩子“聪明”（表扬智力）会让他们回避挑战、害怕失败，而表扬努力则更能培养坚持性。
神经科学与心理学2016 · 253 分 · 155 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选