生物与医学2024bjsm.bmj.com
心肺适能是发病率与死亡率的强而一致预测因子
Cardio fitness is a strong, consistent predictor of morbidity and mortality
进阶 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识:心肺适能/VO2max 基础、流行病学基础、风险比与置信区间
导读
这篇发表在《British Journal of Sports Medicine》上的论文综合现有证据指出,心肺适能(cardiorespiratory fitness,常以 VO2max 衡量)是疾病发病率与死亡率的强而一致的预测因子。换言之,比起许多传统风险因素,一个人的有氧能力更能预示其长期健康状况。
HN 关注点:一个看似简单、可改变的习惯(有氧运动)竟与寿命和患病风险高度相关,并由此延伸到 Zone 2 训练、可穿戴设备估算 VO2max 的可靠性等实操话题。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:补充 2 亲历 2
亲历意识到多数人(包括自己)长期在过高的强度区间训练,Zone 2 轻松训练才是建立有氧能力的关键。
我有些朋友特别痴迷跑步,我一直不理解——跑步对我来说多数时候是痛苦的。后来我听到他们中体能最好的那位对一位新手跑者说,应该大部分时间都做“轻松”的训练。那对他来说多轻松算轻松?他说要慢到感觉别扭、不自然。什么?后来我查了查,才知道 Zone 2 这个概念:建立有氧能力时,大部分训练应该在这个区间,特征是能勉强维持对话。我又看到一些业余超马跑者也这么说。于是我恍然大悟:我大概一直是在 Zone 3 甚至更高强度慢跑,因为“越苦越有效”似乎是万事的底层逻辑(当然有细微差别,比如增肌要练到力竭,力量训练则要留余量)。相对短促而痛苦的训练——我是不是把自己训练成了把有氧和超出必要程度的痛苦联系在一起?所以也许今天我就该去骑固定单车,用“能自言自语”的配速听一小时有声书,同时尽量别让大腿根麻掉。
keybored查看英文原文
Some of my peers are deep into running. I don’t get it. Running is sometimes fun for me but most often painful. Then I overheard one of them (the fittest) say to a budding runner that he [should] do mostly easy sessions. Okay what’s easy to him? He said that so slow that it can feel awkward and unnatural. What? Then I searched around and found out about Zone 2 and how you should do most of your work in that zone when building aerobic fitness. And that it is characterized by being able to hold a conversation, although strained. I searched around and found atheletes like amateur ultrarunners say the same thing. Then it hit me. I’ve probably been jogging a lot in Zone 3. Or higher? Because the harder you go the more benefit, right? That seems to be the basic logic for everything.[1] Relatively short, painful sessions. Have I been conditioning myself to associate cardio with more pain than is necessary for the average session? So maybe I should just go on the stationary bike today, do a “conversatitional” (talk to myself) pace and listen to my audiobook for an hour? And try to not let my groin fall asleep. [1] With nuances like go-to-failure for hypertrophy in weightlifting and more back-off-a-little for strength training.
补充Apple Watch 的 VO2max 估算绝对值不准,但适合跟踪趋势。
Apple Watch 的心肺适能监测还不错。绝对值并不精确(因为它基于 VO2Max 估算,而真正准确需要做代谢应激测试),但用来观察趋势很好。
MPSimmons查看英文原文
The Apple watch has a decent cardio fitness monitor. The absolute values aren't precise (since it uses VO2Max estimates, which is really only accurate if you're doing a metabolic stress test), but it's good to keep an eye on trends.
亲历亲历:一年内 VO2max 从 40 升到 57 并减重 30 磅,收益远大于付出。
幸运的是,相比其他同等影响量级的事情,这一点相对容易改变。过去 12 个月里,我的 VO2max 从 40 提升到 57(据 Apple Watch 报告,同时减了 30 磅),这是一次脱胎换骨的体验。最好的地方在于我什么也没牺牲——每天 90 到 120 分钟有氧带来的额外精力,反而让其他事情都变得更高效。
Aperocky查看英文原文
Fortunately, this seems relatively simple to change (compared to other things with this magnitude of impact). It was a transformative experience to go from 40 VO2max to 57 (as reported by Apple Watch, and losing 30lbs on the way) over the past 12 months. The best part about it is that I didn't even have to give up anything - the extra energy I gained from 90-120 minutes of aerobics per day also had the effect of making everything else more efficient.
补充有氧运动对心理健康效果显著且免费,却未被列为一线疗法。
它对心理健康也极其有益。遗憾的是它没有被当作心理健康的一线治疗手段,因为它非常有效(而且免费)。
weatherlite查看英文原文
It's also absolutely amazing for mental health. It's a shame it isn't considered a first line of treatment for mental health because it's super effective (and free).
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2024Hacker News 讨论帖490 分 · 532 评
同领域还值得读
CRISPR 在活体动物中消除 HIV-1 感染
CRISPR eliminates HIV-1 infection in live animals
报告利用 CRISPR/Cas9 基因编辑技术在活体动物中清除 HIV-1 感染:研究人员通过腺病毒载体递送特定的 Cas9 系统,从被感染细胞中切除嵌入的 HIV 病毒 DNA。
生物与医学2017 · 1,455 分 · 239 评入门 · 约 30 分钟编辑精选保护区飞行昆虫生物量27年下降75%
75% decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas
这篇发表于 PLOS ONE 的研究通过在德国保护区长达 27 年的昆虫生物量监测,发现飞行昆虫总量下降了约 75%。
生物与医学2017 · 901 分 · 432 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选为什么大多数已发表的研究发现是错的
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False (2005)
这篇 2005 年发表于 PLOS Medicine 的经典论文由 John Ioannidis 撰写,论证了在统计功效不足、研究偏倚和多重检验等因素下,大多数已发表的医学研究发…
生物与医学2022 · 388 分 · 351 评入门 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选人类免疫系统的物理接线图
A physical wiring diagram for the human immune system
这篇 Nature 论文系统绘制了人类免疫系统的“物理接线图”:通过大规模实验鉴定免疫细胞表面受体之间的相互作用(包括约 30 种此前未知的受体互作),并结合定量计算模型模拟免疫…
生物与医学2022 · 342 分 · 49 评专业 · 约 90 分钟编辑精选脂肪组织在减重后仍保留肥胖的表观遗传记忆
Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss
这篇 Nature 论文研究了肥胖对脂肪组织的长期影响:即使减重成功,脂肪细胞仍保留着肥胖时期的表观遗传记忆,可能解释为什么减重后容易反弹。
生物与医学2025 · 263 分 · 327 评进阶 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选