生物与医学2024nature.com
为什么飞虫会聚集在人造光源周围
Why flying insects gather at artificial light
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:昆虫行为学基础、动物导航机制
导读
这篇 Nature Communications 论文研究飞虫为何会聚集在人造光源周围。研究通过追踪昆虫飞行,提出它们并非简单被光“吸引”,而是人造光干扰了它们依靠光来维持姿态和方向的导航机制,导致绕光飞行、失速等异常行为,对夜间照明设计有启示。
HN 关注点:HN 读者对这个日常现象背后的机制很感兴趣,讨论焦点包括昆虫导航、照明设计以及怎样减少灯光招虫。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
亲历亲历观察:更亮且更分散的室内光似乎能打断飞虫绕圈、恢复其导航。
我有个很奇怪的观察。夏天苍蝇常飞进房间,绕着房间中央(通常是关着的灯具所在处)打转,似乎找不到或不愿找开着的窗户飞出去。后来因为别的原因,我把房间灯具换成了我能找到的最亮的 E27 Philips LED 灯泡,总功率超过 200W(20 个 1521 流明)。夏天白天又有几只苍蝇像往常一样聚在房间中央。我出于好奇打开这盏灯,几秒内苍蝇就散开了,突然完全不再绕圈。我不认为是热量或刺眼亮光把它们吓跑,因为即便如此,这也没有晴天亮。我觉得是更多、更分散的光(不只来自窗户方向)以某种方式修复了它们的导航能力。
scotty79查看英文原文
I had a really weird observation. Do you know how in the summer flies tend to enter rooms and circle the middle of it (where usually the turned off light fixture is)? And they seemingly can't or don't want to find open window to leave the room? At one point for unrelated reasons I replaced light fixture in my room with more than 200W worth of strongest E27 Philips LED lightbulbs I could find (20*1521lumen). Few flies gathered in the middle of the room as usual during the summer day. Then I turned on this light just out of curiosity. The flies dispersed within seconds, suddenly perfectly capable of not flying in circles. I don't think it was the heat or the discomfortably bright light just scaring them off. Even this amount wasn't as bright as sunny day. I think more light and more distributed light (not just comming from the direction of the window) fixed their navigational abilities somehow.
补充钥匙摇晃的超声可能模拟蝙蝠捕食声,让飞虫立即坠落躲避。
在灯边有虫群时,有个好玩的做法:掏出钥匙摇一摇。钥匙声常包含超声波,能粗略模拟许多蝙蝠使用的频率。如果你附近有捕食蝙蝠,虫子通常会直接掉下来,尽快落到地面。它们知道捕食蝙蝠的声音,而你的钥匙声可能足够接近,让它们以为自己正被追捕,于是尽力躲避并顺重力落下。至少这是我的理论。打赌或带小孩玩都挺有趣。
Balgair查看英文原文
One fun thing to do with a swarm of bug near a light is to take out your keys and shake them. Keys will often ring in the ultrasonic and poorly mimic the frequencies that a lot of bats use. If you have a population of bats that hunt near you, the bugs will typically just drop. Like, just drop to the ground as fast as they can. They know the sound of hunting bats and your keys may be just close enough to that sound that they think they're being hunted. So they do the best that they can to get out of the way and go with gravity. At least, that's my theory. Fun little thing to do as a bet or with the kiddos.
补充论文结论是否能用于户外照明布局,以减少昆虫聚集。
那么是不是可以优化户外灯具的位置设计来减少昆虫?比如户外用餐露台?
sschueller查看英文原文
So one could optimize an outdoor light location design to reduce insects? Like for example an outdoor dining terrace?
质疑想确认论文是否支持“昆虫误把灯光当月亮”的常见解释。
所以我的理解对吗:这篇论文证实了他们引用的常见看法——昆虫把月亮当作天体罗盘线索来导航,却错误地把人造光源当成了月亮?
codetrotter查看英文原文
So am I understanding correctly that this confirms the common perception they cited: > Insects use the moon as a celestial compass cue to navigate, and mistakenly use artificial light sources instead
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