经济与社会科学2019public.econ.duke.edu
哈佛大学的传承与运动员偏好(2020)
Legacy and Athlete Preferences at Harvard (2020)
进阶 · 约 75 分钟读完前置知识:统计回归、计量经济学、美国大学招生政策
导读
这篇论文利用哈佛招生数据建立统计模型,量化校友子女(legacy)、运动员等 ALDC 群体在录取中的偏好与优势,并与其他申请群体比较。评论引用表格指出这类优势相当大:约四分之三的白人 ALDC 录取者若按白人非 ALDC 申请者对待会被拒绝。核心结论是精英大学录取中的特殊偏好影响显著,且与种族、体育和家庭关系交织。
HN 关注点:精英大学录取是否公平、legacy/运动员偏好是否应受税收或联邦资助政策约束,以及“合格”标准本身是否只是社会工程。
后来怎么样
该论文利用哈佛招生数据量化 legacy 与运动员偏好,成为哈佛招生诉讼及相关政策辩论中的重要实证依据,并推动多所高校在 2020 年代重新审视乃至取消校友子女偏好。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 2 补充 2
质疑用论文表格质疑其比较框架,并指出白人 LDC 与非裔非 LDC 的对照更能揭示偏好大小。
表5和表6。如果你是一个随机(非 ALDC)的非裔美国人,学术处于30-40%(第四十分位)区间,你和学术排名前10%的亚裔美国人录取概率相同,各自约12%。我们的招生模型显示,大约四分之三的白人 ALDC 录取者如果被当作白人非 ALDC 申请者对待,会被拒绝。既然在看群体身份如何影响录取率,为什么不问:多少白人 ALDC 录取者若被当作非裔非 ALDC 会进?多少亚裔若被当作西语裔会进?多少非裔若被当作亚裔会进?整篇论文像是在反映一种文化价值:追着富裕白人是一种好事,追着其他任何人则不是。有趣的比较在表6 Panel B:白人 LDC 对非裔非 LDC。对于学术前60%的人,仅仅身为黑人带来的优势,大约相当于身为有某种深厚学校关系的白人精英4%(大致);如果你在后40%,有关系的白人更有利。
_edo查看英文原文
Table 5 and 6. If you're a random (non-ALDC) African American in the 30-40% (4th decile) range for academics you have the same chance of getting in as an Asian American in the top 10%. They each have about a 12% chance. > Our model of admissions shows that roughly three quarters of white ALDC admits would have been rejected if they had been treated as white non-ALDCs. If we're looking at how group membership affects acceptance rates, why not ask how many white ALDC admits would get in if treated as African American non-ALDCs? Why not ask how many Asians would get in if treated like Hispanics? Why not ask how many African Americans would get in if treated like Asians? The whole paper looks like a reflection of the cultural value that it's a good thing to go after rich white people, a bad thing to go after anybody else. The interesting comparison is in Table 6 Panel B: White LDC vs African American non-LDC. For the top 60% academically just being black carries about as much advantage as being in the elite 4% (roughly) of white people who have some form of deep connections to the school. If you're in the bottom 40% you're better off being white with connections.
质疑认为“合格”无法定义,选择性录取本质是社会工程,应把精力转向促进阶层流动的机构。
我本科读的学校录取要求很宽松,也从没进过任何采用“ holistic admission”的学校,比如哈佛(以及杜克,我被拒了)。在我看来,任何试图完善这些录取标准的努力都注定失败,因为*“合格”没有好的定义,也不可能有。我敢说,把北卡州立大学第75百分位的学生放到 MIT,他们大概率也能顺利毕业。不是5.0,但靠毅力能做到。我认为更多人应该接受:所有选择性录取在某种程度上都是社会工程。让它更“平等”是高尚目标,但仍然是社会工程。这些努力不如用来改善真正带来阶层流动的机构,而不是争论亚裔申请者进哈佛的比例该是20%还是30%这种模糊理由。
akhilcacharya查看英文原文
I did my undergrad at a school with very relaxed admissions requirements and never got into any schools that use “holistic admission” like Harvard (or for that matter Duke, where I got rejected) does. It’s clear to me that any attempt to make these admissions criteria is doomed to fail because *there is no good definition of “qualified”, and there can’t be. I’d wager if you dropped any 75th percentile student from NC State at MIT they’d probably perform well enough to graduate. Not 5.0, but with enough grit they’d do it. I think more people should accept that all selective admissions is at some level social engineering. Making it more “equal” is a noble goal - but it’s still social engineering. These efforts would be better spent improving institutions that lead to actual class mobility rather than arguing whether 20% or 30% of Asian applicants to Harvard should get in for nebulous reasons.
补充主张用非营利免税资格来约束 legacy/捐赠者偏好。
我一直认为,大学的非营利地位应该取决于招生是否考虑 legacy 或捐赠者身份。如果哈佛想优先录取 legacy 学生,那是它的权利。但哈佛(以及它的捐赠基金)不应因此享受税收优惠。
JumpCrisscross查看英文原文
I've long believed that universities' non-profit status should depend on admissions not considering legacy or donor status. If Harvard wants to preference legacy students, that's their right. But they (and their endowment) shouldn't get a tax break for it.
补充批评哈佛坐拥巨额捐赠却未扩大教育机会,认为其品牌合法性依赖非富人群体点缀。
哈佛的捐赠基金超过500亿美元。如果它想扩大全美范围内的优质教育机会,它完全做得到。哈佛 primarily 是一个为富人服务的品牌,它需要非富人群体来证明其学位的合法性。哈佛确实有世界级机构,但这主要是为了强化它卖给富有的校友和捐赠者的品牌——这些人想让自己的孩子进入这个 exclusive club。
temporalparts查看英文原文
Harvard has over $50 Billion in its endowment. If it wanted to expand its exceptional educational access across America, it very well could. Harvard is primarily a brand for wealthy people, and they need the non-wealthy cohort to justify the legitimacy of their degree. Harvard does have world class institutions, but that’s primarily to reinforce the brand they’re selling to wealthy alumni and donors who wants their kids to enter the exclusive club.
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2019Hacker News 讨论帖77 分 · 50 评
- 2023Hacker News 讨论帖161 分 · 110 评
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