其他2022sciencedirect.com
大型车辆对行人和骑行者伤害严重程度的影响
Effects of large vehicles on pedestrian and pedal-cyclist injury severity
入门 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识：统计学基础、交通安全常识
导读
该论文研究大型车辆（如 SUV、皮卡）对行人和骑行者事故伤害严重程度的影响。研究发现，涉及行人和骑行者的事故中，大型车辆造成的伤害更严重，且产生的医院费用更高。
HN 关注点：大型车辆（SUV/皮卡）日益流行带来的道路安全问题，讨论焦点在于车辆设计（更高的车头、更粗的 A 柱）如何牺牲了车外行人的安全，以及美国以汽车为中心的城市规划问题。
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这几条评论里：支持 1 补充 1 亲历 2
补充推荐一篇论证驾驶 SUV 在道德上站不住脚的哲学论文
正好切题：哲学家 Douglas Husak 有一篇论文《车辆与车祸：为何这一道德问题被忽视？》。作者认为，由于 SUV 与其他车辆和行人碰撞时的巨大'碰撞不相容性'，驾驶 SUV 是不道德的——它给他人带来过大的伤害，却未给自身带来成比例的安全。
yboris查看英文原文
Exactly on topic: a philosophy paper "Vehicles and Crashes: Why is this Moral Issue Overlooked?" by Douglas Husak. Author argues that because of the high crash incompatibility with other vehicles (and pedestrians), SUV driving is immoral - imposing an oversized amount of harm to others with no proportional safety for self. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23562447
亲历30 年骑行经验者解释：车头更高、视野更差、A 柱更粗是大型车辆更危险的三大原因
'研究发现大型车辆涉及的行人和骑行者事故伤害更严重、医院费用更高。'我过去 30 年骑车通勤了数万英里，大多在城市环境，这并不令我意外。摘要没给出原因，我凭经验推测：一是这些车辆的撞击面离地更高，人不是被抛上引擎盖，而是被直接撞击；二是高车视野差——对轿车司机来说，我的自行车和躯干在其视线高度，更容易被看到；而对 Suburban 司机，只有我的头和肩膀在其视线高度，甚至有司机坐得比我头还高，得往下看才能看到我。此外，现代车窗更窄、A 柱更粗，影响很大。对比 80 年代的奔驰旅行车（视野像鱼缸里开车）和现代 Chevy Suburban 即可。
sonofhans查看英文原文
> Findings suggest larger vehicles are involved in pedestrian and pedalcyclist crashes with more severe injuries that result in higher hospital charges. I've commuted 10s of thousands of miles by bike the last 30 years, mostly in an urban environment. This doesn't surprise me. I can't read the whole article, and the excerpt doesn't offer any data or speculation about the causes of this. So, with some experience, I'll speculate. I'm happy to have real data instead! So, why? Well, my first thought is that the impact surfaces of those vehicles are much higher off the ground. Rather than being tossed up onto a hood, people might be more likely to be hit directly. Also, the visibility in tall vehicles is worse. For the driver of a sedan, my whole bicycle and torso are eye-level for them -- I'm easier to see. To a Suburban driver, my head and maybe shoulders are at eye level. I've ridden next to [ostensibly] passenger vehicles where the drivers are above my head level; they'd have to look _down_ to even see me. And even aside from the height, modern vehicles have narrower windows and larger pillars. This alone makes a big difference. As a contrast, compare an old car with a modern one. The old Benz has at least 150% the visibility. It's like driving inside a fishbowl. * A 1980s Mercedes wagon -- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_W123#/media/File:Mercedes-Benz_W123_T-Modell_rear_20090430.jpg * A modern Chevy Suburban -- https://www.chevrolet.com/suvs/suburban
支持美国以车为中心的城市设计只顾车内人安全，牺牲行人，应转向公共交通导向的城市规划
作为美国人，我们需要重新思考城市设计。过度以汽车为中心的设计意味着政府和民众只想要汽车本身更安全：更粗的 A 柱降低视线，更大的车给人更高的安全感。这两点让司机和乘员很安全，却完全无视行人的安全，与论文结论一致。我见过很多空巢老人买大 SUV 不是为了实用，而是为了那种'安全感'；在德州，富裕父母甚至给 16 岁孩子买皮卡或悍马求安心。如果城市围绕公共交通和非机动交通重新设计，长期来看会更好：减少车撞行人死亡、改善空气质量、更高效利用空间、降低生活成本等。
xyst查看英文原文
As an American, we need to rethink how the cities are designed. Way too much emphasis on car centric design. An emphasis on car centric transportation means fed government and people want cars to be safer. Larger A-pillars which decrease line of sight. Larger vehicles give people a higher sense of security and safety. These 2 points make it very safe for the driver and occupants but disregard any safety for pedestrians. Which is consistent with the papers findings. Anecdotally, I have seen empty nesters and older men/women buy large SUVs and trucks not because of utility but because of the perceived safety a larger vehicle gives them. Even growing up in TX, rich parents would buy their 16 year old child a truck, SUV, or even a god forsaken hummer because it gives them peace of mind. In my opinion, if cities were re-designed around public transportation and alternative forms of transportation. We would be better off in the long run: decreased auto v pedestrian fatalities, increased air quality, decreased in air pollution related illness/disease, much more efficient use of space (parking lots/garages vs space for human beings), and much more efficient cities in terms of taxing efficiency (decreased dependency on municipal bonds), and decreased and/or stabilized cost of living for everyone
亲历亲历者：在大型皮卡横行的美国道路上骑车太危险，宁可上人行道、过马路等到完全没车
说实话，对中上层或富裕美国人来说，最危险的事之一可能就是在这些'怪物机器'出没的道路上骑车。如果想要锻炼，有很多其他选择。我在德州 College Station 住时因为穷只能骑车，我干脆骑人行道，规则什么的顾不上了——即便如此还得提防路边失控的司机，你最不能信任的就是橄榄球赛后开着升高皮卡的德州醉汉。过马路时，即使绿灯、即使我和卡车司机对上了眼，我也要等路面完全没车才走。我很早就决定：绝不把自己置于需要让某个开车美国人踩刹车才不会撞到我的境地。
ramraj07查看英文原文
Honestly as an upper middle class or rich American it looks like one of the more dangerous things you could do is probably go out cycling in a road shared by these monster machines. If you crave physical activity so much there’s many other alternatives. When I lived in College Station Texas I had to use a bike (because I was broke) but I stuck to the sidewalks, rules be damned. And even in the sidewalk had to keep an eye for unruly drivers on the road alongside because the last person you want to trust not to mount the curb is a drunk Texan kid with a raised pickup after a football game. And when time came to cross a road, even if the light was green, even if I made eye contact with the dude in the truck, I wouldn’t venture out until the road was fully empty. I decided a long time back id never put myself in a place where another American in a car has to brake to not hit me when I’m outside a car.
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