能源、气候与材料2022science.org
利用卫星揭示垃圾填埋场的大量甲烷排放
Using satellites to uncover large methane emissions from landfills
进阶 · 约 40 分钟读完前置知识：卫星遥感基础、大气甲烷反演、垃圾填埋场管理
导读
论文利用卫星观测识别垃圾填埋场的大规模甲烷排放，说明这类点源可以被遥感捕捉和量化。研究指向将填埋场甲烷纳入监测与治理，并引发关于废物处理优先级和监管的讨论。
HN 关注点：卫星监测能否揭示被忽视的甲烷大排放源，以及这对垃圾处理路线、有机废物利用和气候监管意味着什么。
后来怎么样
该研究用高分辨率卫星识别并量化垃圾填埋场甲烷点源，推动后续将填埋场纳入卫星甲烷超级排放源监测与废物部门减排讨论。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 3
补充填埋是较差处理方式，有机垃圾分流制沼气和肥料是成熟且更优的方案。
注意，这只是对早已知道情况的进一步、更详细的确认。这就是为什么填埋一直处在垃圾处理层级接近底部，甚至低于带能源回收的焚烧。卖化石燃料的人经常辩称我们应直接把垃圾埋掉，并提出各种荒唐理由。但欧盟、新加坡等使用的各种回收体系在几乎所有指标上都明显更好——除了“化石燃料销售”这一项。就甲烷问题而言，把厨余、农业和其他有机废物单独回收转化为沼气和肥料是显而易见的解决方案。温室气体负的甲烷！德国在这方面世界领先，但即便他们也能做得更多。
ZeroGravitas查看英文原文
Note this is just further, more detailed confirmation of stuff we already knew for a long time. This is why landfill is, and always has been, near the bottom of the waste hierarchy, below even incineration with energy recovery. People who sell fossil fuels have regularly argued that we should just bury trash and have lots of silly arguments as to why that is the case. But the various recycling schemes used in EU, Singapore etc. are clearly better on basically every metric which isn't "sales of fossil fuels". For the methane issue, seperate recycling of food, agricultural and other organic waste into biogas and fertilizer is the obvious solution. GHG negative methane! Germany is a world leader in this, but even they can do more. https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-technology-business-paris-germany-7d70ea772d2822ced45c45c14cc1816e
补充农业氮肥的氧化亚氮排放同样重要，豆科轮作并非无代价，需要进一步量化。
施用于大田谷物的氮肥产生的氧化亚氮是另一种被关注的气体：在澳大利亚，过去五年肥料生产和使用占小麦碳足迹的58%，其中31%发生在农场，很大部分来自氮肥挥发释放氧化亚氮；氧化亚氮的温室效应几乎是对二氧化碳的300倍。缓解策略原则上最有吸引力的是豆科轮作，但并非那么简单，因为豆科残茬分解也会产生氧化亚氮，需要量化研究。文章还讨论了其他方法。
defrost查看英文原文
Nitrous Oxide from Nitrogen fertilizedrs applied to broadacre grains is another gas being watched and thought about: > In broadacre cropping, fertiliser production and use accounted for 58 per cent of the Australian wheat crop's greenhouse gas footprint in the past five years, according to the Department of Agriculture. > Of that, 31 per cent occurred on-farm, a large part of which came through the volatilisation of nitrogen fertiliser, where nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere. > Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas that is almost 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide. There are mitigating strategies, in principle the most appealing would be legume crop rotation, however: > "I guess naturally the go-to option is to grow more legumes in the rotation, because when we grow legumes we don't need to apply nitrogen to meet production," he said. > "But it's not as simple as that, because there are greenhouse gas emissions such as nitrous oxide associated with the breakdown of legume stubbles." so that needs quantification and further study. Other approaches are discussed: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-11/grain-industry-push-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions/101321302
质疑批评卫星监测聚焦小源，主张按帕累托原则优先治理最大泄漏，并担心数据被用于罚款或排放交易。
既然有远更大的甲烷泄漏，何必纠结这些小排放？这是过度聚焦问题的典型案例。几年后能可视化单个动物的甲烷排放当然好，但甲烷排放明显服从帕累托分布，关停最大排放源影响最大。相反，我们似乎又想为创造了更多关于甲烷罪恶感的数据点而自我祝贺。在我看来，如果这类技术能被用来罚款，它就会被用；我们还能为可允许的甲烷排放创造新市场！
karol查看英文原文
Why bother with mini farts when there are far larger methane leaks? https://www.ecowatch.com/methane-leak-russia-coal-mine.html A clear case of over-focusing on the problem. Should I applaud that in a few years we will be able to visualise individual animals' methane emissions when clearly this follows a Pareto distribution and shutting down the largest offenders will have the greatest impact. Instead it seems we want to congratulate ourselves again that we created more data points about our methane-guilt. It is clear to me that if this kind of tech can be used to slap fines on people it will. And so we can create new markets for allowable methane emissions!
补充填埋甲烷可捕获用于比特币挖矿并盈利。
我知道这个话题有争议，但捕获这些甲烷并用于比特币挖矿是有利可图的。
CTDOCodebases查看英文原文
I know that it is a polarising topic but it is possible to capture this methane and convert it into Bitcoin for a profit.[0] [0] https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/turning-garbage-into-bitcoin
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