物理与天文2022arxiv.org
超大质量黑洞双星的即将并合
Imminent merger of a supermassive black hole binary
入门 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识:黑洞基础、引力波基础
导读
论文预测一对超大质量黑洞双星即将并合,可能在 100 天到 3 年内被观测到,这将是有史以来记录到的单次最大能量释放事件(以引力波形式)。评论者指出此前记录的最大事件(约 100-150 倍太阳质量的黑洞并合、伽马暴)仅相当于 1-6 个太阳质量的物质转化为能量,而这次可能涉及数百甚至上千个太阳质量。
HN 关注点:这一事件规模空前——可能成为人类观测到的最大能量释放,以及'3 年内'在天文学尺度上意味着迫在眉睫。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 补充 2
支持强调这次并合的能量释放规模将远超人类已有记录
这太疯狂了!在 100 天到 3 年内,我们将记录到有史以来最大的单次能量释放。作为对比:我们已探测到的 100-150 倍太阳质量的黑洞并合,能量释放仅次于几次伽马暴,相当于把 1-6 个太阳质量的物质瞬间转化为能量(以引力波形式)。而这次涉及的超大质量黑洞是太阳质量的数千到数万倍,可能相当于数百甚至上千个太阳质量的物质转化为能量——之前那些记录在它面前就像蚂蚁。
josephagoss查看英文原文
This is insane! Between 100 days and 3 years we will record what will be the single largest energy release we have ever recorded. To give an idea of our records so far: our detection of black hole mergers around the 100-150 solar masses scale are just behind a couple gamma ray bursts as the single largest energy release ever. How big are the black hole mergers around 150 solar masses and the two largest gamma ray bursts? The energy release converted the mass of between 1-6 solar masses into energy. With black hole mergers this energy release/conversion is in the form of gravitational waves that we then detect! So imagine the sun, times 6, every atom, converted into that energy. That’s what we have already recorded. This predicted one is not even in the same ballpark. Those 1-6 sun matter into energy conversions are ants compared to what’s coming. These supermassive black holes are thousands to tens of thousands of times the mass of our sun. (Not sure if the ones in this paper are in the billion solar masses class. Yes they do exist) This event will convert the mass of perhaps a hundred or a thousand suns worth of matter into energy in an instant. (Not sure if the paper gives any accurate predictions I’m lazy!)
补充调侃天文学时间尺度上'3 年内'已是极其紧迫
在天文学里,'imminent'(即将发生)要记住:一百万年也算 imminent。所以论文说'3 年内',那已经是'快拿爆米花来,千万别错过'级别的警报了!
dylan604查看英文原文
Any time "imminent" is used in astronomy, you have to remember 1 million years is imminient when speaking about the universe. So for them to say "within 3 years" that's like go get the popcorn, you don't want to miss it level warning!
补充科普黑洞双星能最终并合的机制:动力学摩擦
我一直好奇'最后秒差距问题'——为什么黑洞双星不会永远互相绕转而真的能并合。查了一下,答案是'动力学摩擦':黑洞穿过恒星群时,其引力把已越过的恒星拉向身后,使前方恒星更少,净作用力向后,从而不断损耗轨道能量。
taneq查看英文原文
I've been wondering about the "last parsec problem" ever since I read about it but this prompted me to look it up. Turns out the reason it's actually possible for black holes to actually merge instead of just orbiting each other forever is "dynamical friction" (basically as a black hole moves through a bunch of stars or other masses, its gravity pulls them inwards so that the stars it's already passed tend to be more directly behind it than the stars in front of it, so the net force on the black hole is backwards.) The more you know.
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
- 视频与演讲
历次讨论
- 2022Hacker News 讨论帖205 分 · 99 评
同领域还值得读
LIGO 探测到第二个引力波
Second Gravitational Wave Detected at LIGO
LIGO 宣布探测到第二个双黑洞并合产生的引力波信号(GW151226)。
物理与天文2016 · 621 分 · 174 评入门 · 约 20 分钟编辑精选W 玻色子质量测量显示与理论计算存在 7σ 偏差
Measurement of the W boson mass reveals 7σ deviation from calculations
对 W 玻色子质量的测量结果与标准模型理论计算存在 7σ 的偏差,远超统计学显著性标准,可能暗示新物理的存在。
物理与天文2022 · 356 分 · 151 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选涌现引力与暗宇宙
Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Verlinde 的这篇论文提出“涌现引力”理论,认为引力并非基本相互作用,而是由时空的量子信息(熵)涌现而来,并据此试图在不引入暗物质粒子的情况下解释星系旋转曲线等通常归因于暗…
物理与天文2016 · 219 分 · 81 评 · 引用 7专业 · 约 120 分钟编辑精选Feynman:用计算机模拟物理(1981)
Feynman: Simulating Physics with Computers (1981)
这是费曼 1981 年的经典演讲论文,探讨用计算机模拟物理系统(尤其是量子系统)的问题。
物理与天文2016 · 187 分 · 22 评入门 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选量子世界中观察者独立性的实验否证
Experimental rejection of observer-independence in the quantum world
报告了一个检验观察者独立性的量子实验,借助多观察者版本的 Wigner's Friend 场景,考察不同观察者获得的测量结果是否能被视为客观、观察者无关的事实。
物理与天文2019 · 187 分 · 111 评 · 引用 4专业 · 约 50 分钟编辑精选