物理与天文2016cs.berkeley.edu编辑精选
Feynman:用计算机模拟物理(1981)
Feynman: Simulating Physics with Computers (1981)
入门 · 约 60 分钟读完前置知识:量子力学基础、计算理论初步
导读
这是费曼 1981 年的经典演讲论文,探讨用计算机模拟物理系统(尤其是量子系统)的问题。文中指出经典计算机难以高效模拟量子力学,并提出量子计算机的可能性,被广泛视为量子计算领域的奠基性文献之一。
HN 关注点:是因为这是量子计算的思想源头,讨论围绕其历史地位、可读性以及用计算模拟物理的更广泛意义展开。
后来怎么样
这篇演讲被公认为量子计算领域的奠基性文献,直接引出了 Deutsch 1985 年的通用量子计算机理论及此后整个量子计算研究方向。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 质疑 1 补充 2
补充指出这是量子计算的开山之作,并推荐 Deutsch 1985 年的论文作为配套阅读
可能很多人没意识到,这可以说是第一篇对量子计算机的深入讨论。该领域另一篇奠基之作是 David Deutsch 的《量子理论、丘奇-图灵原理与通用量子计算机》。两篇论文都非常出色,而且出人意料地易读。
michael_nielsen查看英文原文
For those who don't realize, this is (arguably) the first extended discussion of quantum computers. The other founding paper of the field is David Deutsch's superb "Quantum theory, the Church-Turing principle and the universal quantum computer": http://folk.uio.no/ovrum/articles/deutsch85.pdf Both papers are excellent reading, and surprisingly accessible.
补充推荐费曼《计算讲义》及相关背景资料
如果你喜欢这篇,推荐费曼的《计算讲义》,内容从计算机体系结构和计算理论讲起,还讨论了计算能力的物理极限等有趣主题。费曼是在研究 Connection Machine 超级计算机期间从事这一方向工作的。
tumba查看英文原文
If you enjoyed this, may I also recommend Feynman's Lectures on Computation. [1] It consists of transactions of a lecture series that begins with computer architecture and theory of computation and considers interesting subjects like the physical limits to computational capability--all through the unique lens of Feynmans' mind. Feynman worked on this subject working on the Connection Machine supecomputer. [2][3] [1] http://www.amazon.com/Feynman-Lectures-Computation-Richard-P/dp/0738202967 [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection_Machine [3] http://longnow.org/essays/richard-feynman-connection-machine/
支持认为计算模拟是技术加速的核心,并列举蛋白质折叠等众包科学项目为例
用计算机模拟并预测新技术(无论是否量子)的性能,将成为通往奇点的终极加速器。近期进展包括蛋白质折叠、神经科学、电池技术等,这些项目的共同点是能近乎实时地扩展到全球贡献者,从而省去昂贵的真实实验。伯克利在这方面一直是重要力量(如 BOINC 项目)。
alex_hirner查看英文原文
Simulating and thus predicting performance of new technologies with computers will be the ultimate afterburner towards singularity. Be they quantum or not. Recent progress has been shown in: - Protein folding [1] - Neuroscience [2] - Battery technology [3] All of these project have in common that they do (or potentially will) scale to contributors around the globe in near-realtime. It will simply save us from expensive real-world experiments. The frontier of computational crowd-science heralds truly exciting times. PS: Berkeley has been a major force in that and from where many similar projects originated (c.f. BOINC project [4]). [1] https://fold.it [2] http://www.openworm.org [3] http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/04/15/electrolyte-genome-could-be-battery-game-changer/ [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_distributed_computing_projects
质疑从信息表示角度论证模拟物理宇宙存在根本性资源瓶颈,建议转向模拟心智
用其他粒子表示一个粒子的位置似乎存在根本性开销:每个粒子约需 60 比特(位置和动量),即使 1 比特只用 1 个粒子,比例也是 60:1。就算把整个宇宙都变成计算物质,最好也只能模拟 1/60 复杂度的宇宙,现实中还要差几个数量级。或许换个思路——不模拟粒子而模拟心智(对心智而言粒子只是抽象)——才能让这个比例重新说得通。
javajosh查看英文原文
It would seem to be useful to start with the question of representing the position of a particle with other particles. For any situation, you will need some dynamic range of measurement to describe the properties of a particle. Classical position might want 10 bits, interpreted as meters. With 6 numbers (position and momentum in 3 directions) that's 60 bits per particle. Even at 1 particular per bit, that's still a ratio of 60:1. And 10 bits is certainly not enough for some phenomena! The bottom line is that if you converted the universe to computronium, the absolute best you could do is simulate a universe 1/60th the complexity. In real life we do many orders of magnitude worse, memory cells require millions of atoms. This also doesn't deal at all with the computation required to advance the state of the system. Perhaps by focusing on the experience of life you can make the ratio make sense again. E.g. don't simulate particles, simulate minds (for which a particle is only an abstraction anyway), and you recover that ratio, and more.
历次讨论
- 2016Hacker News 讨论帖187 分 · 22 评
同领域还值得读
LIGO 探测到第二个引力波
Second Gravitational Wave Detected at LIGO
LIGO 宣布探测到第二个双黑洞并合产生的引力波信号(GW151226)。
物理与天文2016 · 621 分 · 174 评入门 · 约 20 分钟编辑精选W 玻色子质量测量显示与理论计算存在 7σ 偏差
Measurement of the W boson mass reveals 7σ deviation from calculations
对 W 玻色子质量的测量结果与标准模型理论计算存在 7σ 的偏差,远超统计学显著性标准,可能暗示新物理的存在。
物理与天文2022 · 356 分 · 151 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选涌现引力与暗宇宙
Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Verlinde 的这篇论文提出“涌现引力”理论,认为引力并非基本相互作用,而是由时空的量子信息(熵)涌现而来,并据此试图在不引入暗物质粒子的情况下解释星系旋转曲线等通常归因于暗…
物理与天文2016 · 219 分 · 81 评 · 引用 7专业 · 约 120 分钟编辑精选量子世界中观察者独立性的实验否证
Experimental rejection of observer-independence in the quantum world
报告了一个检验观察者独立性的量子实验,借助多观察者版本的 Wigner's Friend 场景,考察不同观察者获得的测量结果是否能被视为客观、观察者无关的事实。
物理与天文2019 · 187 分 · 111 评 · 引用 4专业 · 约 50 分钟编辑精选论时空的维度(1997)
On the dimensionality of spacetime (1997)
这篇 1997 年由 Max Tegmark 撰写的论文探讨为什么我们的宇宙是三维空间加一维时间:作者论证在其他维度组合下,物理定律无法支持稳定结构(如行星轨道、原子)和观察者(…
物理与天文2024 · 176 分 · 52 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选