神经科学与心理学2022nature.com
智能手机阅读影响叹息生成、脑活动与理解力
Reading on smartphone affects sigh generation, brain activity, and comprehension
入门 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识：基础生理学常识、实验设计基础
导读
这篇论文研究了在智能手机上阅读对人生理反应和认知的影响，发现与纸质阅读相比，手机阅读会改变叹气的产生模式、大脑活动，并降低阅读理解能力。叹气被认为与调节呼吸和缓解压力有关，因此这一生理指标的变化值得关注。
HN 关注点：HN 读者长期关注注意力经济、深度阅读能力衰退等话题，这篇用客观生理指标（叹气、脑活动）量化手机阅读影响的论文正好切中这一焦虑，也引发了对技术怀旧与确认偏误的讨论。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
亲历亲历者认为手机阅读的危害是注意力衰退与记忆外包的综合效应
不只是理解力下降，还包括注意力持续时间缩短和记忆被电子设备（日历、笔记等）替代。我一直在写疫情期间自己身上发生的变化，很多 HN 用户应该都有同感：如今连一本正常的书都很难完整读下去了。这是我 2021 年初写的文章。
iamsanteri查看英文原文
It's not only comprehension decline, it's a combination of decreasing attention spans and the substitution of your memory by an electronic device (calendar, notes, etc.). I've been writing about what's happened to me during the COVID lockdowns, and I think quite a few of HN people share the feeling that one can barely even read a normal book at length these days... Here's my actual writeup from back in early 2021: https://www.lostbookofsales.com/age-of-distractions/
补充补充资料：解释叹气在生理学上的意义
对于不了解“叹气产生”重要性的人（我之前也不懂），这篇论文详细介绍了相关背景。
hammock查看英文原文
For those clueless as to the importance of "sigh generation" (as I was), here is a paper that goes into it: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4427060/
质疑质疑：警惕技术怀旧和确认偏误，屏幕阅读也有优势且会随技术成熟而改善
我想小心不要成为技术反动派、只找确认偏误的证据。一个方法是记住变化的另一面：有失也有得，某些方面我们在屏幕上阅读可能反而更好。旧技术并不更“自然”，只是我们习惯了；而且旧技术已成熟，新技术尚未成熟但会成熟。比如从屏幕换回纸张，纸张无法跟上我们的认知处理速度——我改用带书签和搜索的 PDF 后，觉得纸质书做随机检索非常慢。随着屏幕阅读技术成熟（如深色模式、夜间模式），压力干扰也会减少。想想过去技术反动派的结局：当时很受欢迎，最终只是浪费时间、错失进步。
wolverine876查看英文原文
I want to be careful about being a technology reactionary and just finding confirmation bias: e.g., I'm tired of change and find something that confirms my frustration. One trick I use to shake up my persective is to remember the other side of the equation: When change occurs, some things are lost, but also some are gained. In some ways, I expect we function better reading on screens. Or I try to look at it the other way, remembering that there is nothing more natural about the older technology (usually) - it's only what we are accustomed to - i.e., what if instead of moving from technology A to B, we were moving from B to A? And then remembering: A has matured (being older); B usually has not but, if adopted, will mature. One thing I would guess, if moving from screen to paper, is that the technology wouldn't keep up with our cognitive processing; I think we just accept that paper is that way, but personally, having switched to reading PDFs (with bookmarks, search, etc.), I find paper very slow for any sort of random access. Also, I expect that as screen reading tech matures, the level of stress distraction will become much less. As a simple example, look at the recent boom (afaict) of applications offering and people using dark mode and night color mode. Another trick I use is to remember the outcomes for past reactionaries: They are popular and self-justified in the moment, but in the end all they did was waste time and miss out.
补充解释机制：手机承载的注意力经济干扰阅读，建议激进配置手机并回归纸质书
理解力下降的原因是：用手机时你 mentally 处于手机的“世界”里——滑动、切换应用、滚动等无意识行为。手机是注意力经济的焦点和战场，无数力量在攻击你的注意力，其中很少符合你的利益。iPhone 可以配置得为你服务，但需要下功夫：激进地关闭通知、静音、开启专注模式等“人性化”功能，晚上把手机留在书桌上不带进卧室。纸质书存在于一个完全不同、更简单的经济体系中——更多是作者真诚地与你直接交流，有一种手机所缺乏的纯真。手机给你一种“下一个转角有惊喜”的刺激感，这正是它能吸住你几个小时的原因，而这种感觉很多时候是谎言。
kmtrowbr查看英文原文
The reason that comprehension is decreased, is that when using a smartphone, you are mentally in the "world" of the smart phone, no doubt different for each person, but for me involving a bunch of unconscious behaviors such as: swiping, changing from app to app, scrolling, etc. The phone is a focal point & battleground of the attention economy. So many forces attacking your attention, few of which are in your best interests or serve your goals. An iPhone can be configured to work in your interests, but it takes quite a bit of effort. Aggressively curate the notifications. Turn most of them off. Put the phone on silent. Turn on all the "humane" features Apple has developed: the focuses, "wind-down," the sleep aids, etc. At night, leave your phone on your desk. Do not take it into your bedroom. Read a book in the bedroom. Try to use the phone to achieve specific goals, which you pre-mediate. That's the goal. Paper books exist in a totally different and simpler economy. It's not that they're perfect, but they're simpler. They're more about authors genuinely communicating their thoughts directly to you. There's an innocence lacking from smartphones. You can feel this if you pay attention. A smartphone gives me a stimulated, "something cool around the next corner," "on the verge of fulfillment" kind of feeling. That's why it can suck you in for literal hours if you let it. The feeling in many cases is a lie. You'll find yourself just swiping and tapping for no reason at all, just automatically, unconsciously. That's the trick of "variable rewards" e.g. a phone is a slot machine. A book is a quieter more peaceful feeling. You're just reading the author's words, one after another. You have no option to switch to something else. The magic of books is created by your own active attention & focus. Some people can probably achieve this on a phone, but it's definitely harder.
历次讨论
- 2022Hacker News 讨论帖320 分 · 124 评
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