生物与医学2021pnas.org
糖尿病患者的血糖水平跟随感知时间而非实际时间
Blood sugar level follows perceived time rather than actual time in diabetics
入门 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识：基础生理学、血糖与胰岛素概念
导读
这篇 2016 年发表于 PNAS 的论文研究了糖尿病患者的血糖水平：发现血糖变化跟随的是患者感知到的时间，而非实际时间，即大脑对时间的认知会影响血糖代谢。这提示心理预期等主观因素能直接作用于生理过程。
HN 关注点：HN 读者对'主观感知能改变客观生理指标'这一反直觉发现很感兴趣，讨论聚焦于大脑对身体过程的深层影响及类似的心理-生理效应。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：支持 1 补充 2 亲历 1
亲历用亲身经历佐证心理暗示可欺骗感官，进而可能影响代谢器官
暗示效应在味蕾上也有效。90 年代我在办公室常吃温和的莎莎酱，完全受不了辣的。后来老板偷偷往里掺辣酱，每天逐渐加量，我竟然一直没察觉，直到最后全办公室看着我抱怨'温和的莎莎酱好像变辣了'。既然能骗过舌头，为什么不能骗过肝脏呢？
hirundo查看英文原文
Suggestion works on taste buds too. In the nineties I had a thing for salsa and ate it most days at the office over things I steamed in the microwave. But I ate the mild salsas and couldn't tolerate the hot stuff. Still can't. So my boss decides to spice it up a bit, and mixes in some hot salsa. I didn't notice. Each day he gradually added more until it was all the hot stuff. I didn't notice. He went out and bought hotter stuff. For some reason the whole office was watching me when I made some quiet comment about the mild salsa being hotter than it used to be. They thought that was pretty funny. But I really didn't notice. If you can lie to the tongue, why not the liver?
补充推荐 Huberman Lab 关于时间感知与神经递质的播客作为补充资料
论文是 2016 年的。Huberman Lab 在 2021 年 11 月有一期关于时间感知研究的精彩综述，还讲了多巴胺等相关系列，听完就不觉得这个标题意外了。
jonmc12查看英文原文
Paper is from 2016. Huberman Labs has a great roundup (Nov '21) of the research on time perception - and several other related series on dopamine. The title of OP was not surprising after listening. https://hubermanlab.com/time-perception-and-entrainment-by-dopamine-serotonin-and-hormones/
补充补充一项类似研究：感知摄入比实际摄入更能影响葡萄糖代谢
还有更疯狂的：Nature 上有研究显示'葡萄糖代谢对感知到的糖摄入的反应大于实际糖摄入'。
Glench查看英文原文
It gets much crazier. Here's a study in Nature showing "Glucose metabolism responds to perceived sugar intake more than actual sugar intake": https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-72501-w?mc_cid=2b33d59ff8&mc_eid=e358e73db6
支持论证大脑对全身生理过程（炎症、代谢、膀胱等）有被低估的深刻影响
人们常把大脑当作身体过程的黑洞/终点，但它对身体有深远影响。除了战或逃，大脑还能影响其他部位的炎症（迷走神经与炎症和代谢的相互作用有文献支持）。皮质醇等情绪相关激素影响饥饿、代谢、能量等。生活中的例子：长途旅行中能不假思索地憋尿，一到家快到厕所就憋不住了；还有沉浸于有趣任务时忘记饥饿。
jrootabega查看英文原文
I think people like to think of the brain/mind as a black hole/sink of the bodily processes and organs, but it has profound influence over them. Most obviously, there is fight or flight. But it's more subtle than that. The brain can influence inflammation in other parts of the body, which I can't back up right now, since it's just something I read in a science magazine a few years ago. Although here's something related about how the vagus nerve interacts with inflammation and metabolism: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082307/ Emotionally relevent hormones, the most obvious of which is cortisol, influence all kinds of bodily processes like hunger, metabolism, energy, etc. And one interesting one I can think of in my own life is bladder activity - ever notice how, if you're on a long trip, you can hold in your pee without even thinking about it, but as soon as you get home and head towards the bathroom, it's like your bladder is about to explode? Or how you can still get up and pee even if it doesn't feel like you need to? And I think many of us have probably had the experience where we got so wrapped up in an interesting and challenging task that we forgot to become hungry, and maybe even missed our opportunity to be hungry until the next day.
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