神经科学与心理学2021psycnet.apa.org
虚拟会议中摄像头使用带来的疲劳效应
The Fatiguing Effects of Camera Use in Virtual Meetings
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这篇论文（发表于 Journal of Applied Psychology，2021）研究虚拟会议中开启摄像头是否会加重员工当天的疲劳感。作者提出并检验了一个模型：摄像头开启（对比关闭）与每日疲劳感相关，而疲劳又进一步降低会议中的发言与参与度；同时预测性别与组织任期会调节这一关系——对女性和新员工而言，开摄像头更易疲劳。基于 103 名员工、1408 次每日观测的数据，结果支持了该模型。
HN 关注点：HN 读者对“Zoom 疲劳”有大量亲身经验，讨论焦点在于：摄像头带来的疲劳究竟源于被注视的不确定感，还是关摄像头本身也让人难受，以及这是否只是“会议疲劳”而非线上会议特有。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 1 亲历 2
补充摄像头疲劳源于无法判断谁在看你，于是时刻处于“被所有人注视”的自我监控状态。
我觉得原因在于，现实中你能看出谁在看你、什么时候看你。肢体语言中有关键成分就是建立在“谁在关注谁”之上的。而在视频会议里这些全都缺失了。你无法判断谁在看你，于是任何人都有可能正在看你，所以你的行为方式就像所有人始终都在看你，你觉得必须更多地控制自己的呈现，这就造成了疲劳。现实中的群体对话完全不是这样。如果你累了或者没什么可说，你可以待在角落里听别人讲，没人会介意，你也不会觉得自己被注视。这更接近你关掉摄像头时的状态。
snek_case查看英文原文
I think it's because, in real life, you can tell who's looking at you and when. There's key components of body language that are based in who is paying attention to who. In a videoconference, this is all missing. You can't tell who's looking at you or not, so that mean anyone could be looking at you, so you act like everyone is looking at you all the time, you feel the need to control your presentation more, that causes fatigue. Real-world group conversations are not like that at all. If you're tired or you have nothing to say, you can just be in a corner listening to other people speak, nobody will mind, and you don't feel observed. That's a lot more like when you have your camera off.
亲历反向体验：看不到听众反馈（全员关摄像头）同样令人疲劳，尤其对发言者。
这只是轶事，我也不希望我的例子被当成要反驳这项研究或别人的体验，但就我个人而言，别人不开摄像头反而让我极度疲劳。更具体地说，当我在会上发言或做演示时，能看到其他人、看到他们的反应、看到他们在我讲笑话时是否笑、在我解释不清时是否一脸困惑，对我非常有帮助。远程办公中我的噩梦就是对着满屏沉默的“摄像头关闭”图标做演示。
Leszek查看英文原文
Anecdotal, and I don't want it to sound like my example is intended to disprove this research or anyone else's experience, but I personally find it extremely fatiguing if people _don't_ turn on their video. More specifically, when I'm talking in a meeting or giving a presentation, I find it very helpful to see other people, see their reactions, see whether they laugh at jokes or look confused when I'm bad at explaining things. My nightmare during remote work is giving a presentation to a silent wall of "camera off" icons.
质疑质疑对照基线：线下会议同样疲劳，且文章隐含地把居家办公与“什么都不做”对比。
那要不要也研究一下“线下会议的疲劳效应”？论文里提到“关于虚拟会议疲劳（即‘Zoom 疲劳’）的流行媒体讨论，被描述为开了一天虚拟会议后感到精疲力竭、缺乏能量”。我肯定不是唯一一个体会过所谓“会议疲劳”的人——在会议室里坐了一整天之后同样精疲力竭、缺乏能量。这篇文章让我想起好几篇关于“居家办公的影响”的文章，它们似乎假设只存在两种状态：居家办公，或者什么都不干。没错，居家办公有影响，但早上 5 点起床、在拥挤的通勤车上站 45 分钟、再挤进不舒服的日光灯格子间待 8 小时、时刻确保自己“被看见”，然后原路挤上同一批人的车回家，同样有影响。如果你整天连着开 Zoom 会议，那我猜在疫情/居家办公之前，你要么也是整天连着开线下会议，要么就是凭空多塞了一大堆原本不存在的会议。
blitzar查看英文原文
How about "The Fatiguing Effects of In-Person Meetings"? > popular press discussion of virtual meeting fatigue (i.e.,“Zoom fatigue”), described as a feeling of being drained and lacking energy following a day of virtual meetings. I am sure I am not the only person to have felt the effects of so-called 'meeting fatigue', being drained and lacking in energy following a day of sitting in meetings in person. This piece reminds me of several 'The impact of working from home' pieces that seem to assume two states exist, working from home or doing nothing. Yes working from home has had an impact, but so did waking up at 5am and standing on a packed commuter train for 45 minutes, before wedging into an uncomfortable fluorescent cubicle for 8 hours, making sure you were 'seen', before turning around and packing into the train with the same people from the morning all over again. If you are in 'zoom meetings' back to back all day then I assume pre covid / wfh you either were in 'in-person meetings' back to back all day or have inserted a large number of additional meetings that did not exist before.
亲历引用摘要核心数据，并以亲身经历说明摄像头从普遍开启到普遍关闭的演变及其代价。
摘要写道：“……我们提出并检验了一个模型，其中研究条件（开摄像头 vs. 关摄像头）与每日疲劳感相关联；每日疲劳又被假定与虚拟会议中的发言和参与度负相关。我们进一步预测，性别和组织任期会调节这一关系，使得在虚拟会议中开摄像头对女性和组织新成员更易造成疲劳。来自 103 名员工的 1408 次每日观测结果支持了我们提出的模型……”我在大学任教，自去年年初起一直全职居家办公。这期间我们的线上教工会议出现了一个有意思的变化。起初，大家还在适应视频会议时，多数会议中大多数人都开着摄像头。但渐渐地，越来越多的会议几乎所有人都关着摄像头；在很多会议里，人们只在发言时才开摄像头，甚至发言时也不开。去年四月我们开始线上教学时，被告知不要要求学生上课开摄像头（出于对他们隐私的尊重），而大多数课堂似乎确实是学生关着摄像头进行的。我个人觉得这挺让人沮丧：如果我从来看不到学生的脸，即使在小班里我也很难把他们作为一个个个体记住。（除此之外，我不介意线上教学……）
tkgally查看英文原文
From the abstract: “[W]e propose and test a model where study condition (camera on versus off) was linked to daily feelings of fatigue; daily fatigue, in turn, was presumed to relate negatively to voice and engagement during virtual meetings. We further predict that gender and organizational tenure will moderate this relationship such that using a camera during virtual meetings will be more fatiguing for women and newer members of the organization. Results of 1,408 daily observations from 103 employees supported our proposed model....” I teach at a university and, since early last year, have been working exclusively from home. An interesting change has occurred in our online faculty meetings over that period. At first, when we were still getting used to videoconferencing, most meetings were conducted with most people’s cameras on. Over time, however, more and more of the meetings have been conducted with almost everyone keeping their cameras off; in many meetings, people turn their cameras on only when they are speaking and often not even then. When we started teaching online last April, we were told not to require students to turn on their cameras during class (out of respect for their privacy), and it seems that most classes are indeed being conducted with the students’ cameras off. I personally find that frustrating; I am not as easily able to remember students as individuals, even in small classes, when I never see their faces. (Otherwise, I don't mind online teaching at all.) For faculty meetings, though, I haven't heard any complaints about cameras being off, and the meetings seem to be as effective online with limited video as they used to be when conducted in person. In one-on-one conversations, both cameras are usually on. I, at least, find that works as well as in-person conversations, and I much prefer one-on-one videoconferencing to telephone conversations.
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