生物与医学2020sciencedirect.com
学校停课对青少年睡眠的影响：一项自然实验
The impact of school shutdown on sleep in adolescents: a natural experiment
入门 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识：睡眠科学基础、青少年昼夜节律知识
导读
这篇论文利用疫情学校停课这一“自然实验”，研究停课对青少年睡眠的影响。研究显示，不用早起上学后，青少年睡眠时长和睡眠质量有所改善，支持了青少年生物钟偏晚、过早到校有损睡眠的观点。
HN 关注点：HN 读者长期关注青少年晚睡晚起的生物节律与上学时间过早的矛盾，这篇研究提供了难得的自然实验证据，讨论焦点是研究方法是否可靠以及晚起上学是否可行。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
质疑质疑研究方法：样本仅45人且依赖自我报告访谈，证据不足以支撑结论
我觉得这个想法有意思，也希望这项小研究能催生更有说服力的研究，但是：1) 样本只有 45 人；2) 数据基于“半结构化电话访谈”。这两点不算致命，但你真正想要的是对睡眠时长及其影响的客观测量。青少年大多很清楚，大人问他们问题时往往会据此制定针对青少年的政策，而他们本来就想晚点起——如果他们其实没多睡，会承认吗？我不是说结论不对，我本来也同意他们的结论，但仅凭这个研究不足以得出任何结论。更好的方法可能是对比在家上学的学生和公立学校学生，或对比暑假和学期，并使用比电话访谈更客观的指标。
rossdavidh查看英文原文
So, I agree it's an interesting idea, and I think this small study could hopefully spur more conclusive ones, but... 1) N=45 2) based on "semi-structured phone interview" Neither of these is a deal-breaker, but what you'd really prefer is some sort of objective measure of sleep quantity, and how it impacted the person. Teenagers are, by and large, entirely aware that when adults ask them questions, they are likely to draw conclusions about policy towards teenagers. They want to sleep later. How likely is it that they would admit it, if they didn't really get any more sleep out of this? Not saying it's not true, or that it isn't an interesting idea to try to put this "natural experiment" to work somehow, but I'm not sure this is really enough to draw any conclusions, and I actually already agreed with their conclusion before seeing this study. A better method might be to compare home-school students to public schools, or compare summer-break to school year, and to use some more objective metric than a phone interview.
亲历亲历下午1点上学觉得不错；但认为孩子晚睡是家长没管好电子设备所致
在苏联和后来的俄罗斯，学校容量不足，所以学校分两班制上课。我有一半的求学时光是下午 1 点才开始上学的。没那么糟，我其实更喜欢这样。至于“自然睡眠周期”和“睡眠质量改善”，我认为在这个案例里这是自己（或说家长）造成的问题：如果我晚上 8 点收走孩子的电子设备，他们 9 点后就会自己上床睡觉，睡得好，第二天也能准备好上学。讽刺的是，同样的事也发生在我身上，可惜没人来收走我的手机——看看这条评论的发布时间就知道了。
vl查看英文原文
In Soviet Union and then Russia there was not enough school capacity. So schools worked in two shifts. Half of my school years I started school at 1pm. Wasn’t that bad, I actually preferred it. As for “natural sleep cycle” and “improved quality” I can tell you that this is self-made (or rather parent-made) problem in this case. If I take my children’s devices away at 8pm, then they go to bed by themselves after 9, have a good sleep and ready for school. Ironically, similar thing happens to me, but sadly there is nobody to take away my phone, as time of this comment shows.
补充分享按日出时间设定的闹钟应用，说明顺应自然光照节律能改善睡眠过渡
稍微跑个题：我用了一款叫 Suntimes Alarms 的新颖闹钟应用，它根据太阳事件的偏移量来设定闹钟（对我来说是日出，也可以设成正午或日落）。最近这次夏令时切换是我多年来最顺利的一次，尤其因为我不用受严格的工作时间表约束，可以更灵活地安排自己的时间。
CameronNemo查看英文原文
Little bit of a tangent, but I have adopted a novel alarm clock application called "Suntimes Alarms". This alarm clock is programmed according to an offset of solar events (for me the sunrise, but if you want something for noon or sunset that is possible). This recent DST was the smoothest transition in many years. Particularly because I was not beholden to a stringent work schedule. I was free to set my hours a bit more flexibly.
补充猜测青少年晚睡倾向可能是进化适应，而非单纯的懒惰
我很好奇年轻人“晚睡、傍晚后活跃”的偏好是否是某种进化适应。比如夜间突袭、让年轻人承担最烦人的夜班……纯属猜测，但肯定不只是“孩子懒、长大就好了”——毕竟有些人（咳咳）从来就没长出这个习惯。
toyg查看英文原文
I wonder if the youthful predilection for “sleep late, be active in the late evening” is some sort of evolutionary adaptation. Night raids, the young being tasked with the most annoying night-shifts... All pure speculation, but there must be something more than “kids are lazy and then they ‘grow’ out of it” - if anything because some people (cough cough) never actually do.
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