生物与医学2020pnas.org编辑精选
Wim Hof 呼吸法可调节对病原体的免疫反应(2014)
Wim Hof breathing technique can modulate immune response to pathogens (2014)
进阶 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:免疫学基础、细胞因子、交感神经系统
导读
这篇 2014 年 PNAS 研究让接受 Wim Hof 方法(呼吸训练结合冷暴露)的受训者与对照组接受内毒素注射,比较先天免疫反应。结果显示训练组出现更强的肾上腺素反应,促炎因子(如 TNF、IL-6)更低而抗炎因子 IL-10 更高,流感样症状更轻、恢复更快,提示呼吸与冷暴露训练可能主动调节免疫反应;但样本很小,需谨慎外推。
HN 关注点:一个带有“网红/邪教”气质的身心训练法竟登上 PNAS,并引发对呼吸与冷暴露能否主动影响免疫、以及安慰剂和可重复性的讨论。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 1 补充 1 亲历 2
亲历个人亲历:冷水澡+Wim Hof 呼吸让作者压力更低、耐寒更好、流感样症状更少,但承认可能是安慰剂。
冒着听起来像玄学或自助鸡汤的风险,我得承认冷水澡和 Wim Hof 呼吸法至少让我压力更小,也更耐受寒冷和温度骤变。大约一年前我在冥想/有意识生活的心情下出于好奇开始,后来因为感觉好而每天练。最明显的是腿不再无缘无故发冷或出汗,手也不像以前那样总是冰凉。呼吸方面,练习的日子比不练更放松,但无法确认是不是安慰剂效应。我也注意到流感样症状比前几年少得多,即便出现也不超过半天。
boxfoxdox查看英文原文
With the risk of sounding esoteric or self-help I have to admit that both cold showers and wim hoff breathing method have at least made me less stressed out and more resistant to cold and sudden change of temperature. It started out of curiosity while in my meditation conscious living mood about a year ago, but ended up something I exercise daily since it just feels good to me. Most notably I noticed that my legs where no more chilly or sweaty with no reason and that my hands are not as cold all the time they where before. As for breathing I noticed that I am much more relaxed on the days I do it then I don't but can't attest to weather this is just some placebo effect or not. And I notice that I feel much less fly like effects than previous years or if they appear they last no longer than half a day.
补充提醒论文干预不只是呼吸,还包括极端冷暴露,并引用原文列出具体方案。
呼吸技巧 AND 寒冷暴露。文章写道:(ii) 训练期间,受试者以多种方式主动暴露于寒冷:赤脚站在雪中最多 30 分钟,赤裸上身躺在雪中 20 分钟;每天在 0–1 °C 冰水中浸泡/游泳数分钟(包括完全没入);在 −5 到 −12 °C(风寒 −12 到 −27 °C)中只穿短裤和鞋、赤裸上身徒步雪山(海拔 1590 米)。
athenot查看英文原文
Breathing techniques AND exposure to cold. From the article: ii) During the training, subjects voluntarily exposed themselves to cold in several ways: standing in the snow barefoot for up to 30 min and lying bare chested in the snow for 20 min; daily dipping/swimming in ice-cold water (0–1 °C) for up to several minutes (including complete submersions); and hiking up a snowy mountain (elevation: 1,590 m) bare chested, wearing nothing but shorts and shoes at temperatures ranging from −5 to −12 °C (wind chill: −12 to −27 °C).
亲历冥想/瑜伽练习者称能有意识地控制立毛(交感反应),并用于热瑜伽降温;与论文的自主动员交感神经相呼应。
论文提到交感神经系统的自主激活;从我自己冥想和瑜伽的经验看,我确实能控制一种很具体的交感反应:可以随时控制立毛(起鸡皮疙瘩),以前做不到,发现能控制时觉得很奇怪。不算什么超能力,但我发现它在高强度瑜伽体式练习中过热时有助于降温(那时还和大家在热房间里练)。注:冥想中立毛通常属于所谓 pīti(喜)。
mtalantikite查看英文原文
The paper mentions voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and anecdotally from my own meditation and yoga practice I've found that I have some control over a very specific SNS response. I'm able to control piloerection ("goose bump" activation) any time I want, something I wasn't ever able to do before and found to be quite strange when I noticed myself gaining control over it. Not exactly an awesome super power, but I have found that it's helpful for cooling the body when I'm excessively hot during particularly strenuous yoga asana practice (back when practicing around other people in hot rooms was a thing). Note: In meditation practice piloerection is part of what is generally referred to as pīti.
质疑对 Wim Hof 的个人光环保持怀疑,但认可研究登上权威期刊 PNAS 的意义。
Wim Hof“冰人”确实给我一种“邪教领袖”的感觉,但这项研究能发表在非常权威的科学期刊上还是很酷。
jasonshen查看英文原文
Wim Hof "Iceman" definitely gives me "cult leader" vibes but cool to see this research get published in a very reputable scientific journal. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaMjhwFE1Zw
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