物理与天文2020foundationwebsite.org
为数学家和物理学家而作的凭耳弹吉他指南
How to play the guitar by ear, for mathematicians and physicists (2000)
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识：基础乐理概念、吉他基本构造
导读
这篇2000年的文档面向数学家和物理学家，讲解如何凭听觉（by ear）弹吉他，用数学化的方式分析音程、和弦等乐理基础。评论者指出全文大部分篇幅是理论推导，只有最后约6页涉及实际演奏。
HN 关注点：HN 读者多为数学、物理和软件工程背景，对'用理性/数学方法学音乐'这一话题有天然共鸣，讨论焦点集中在理论推导与大量实际练习哪个才是学音乐的正确路径。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
质疑资深程序员兼音乐人认为该文档理论过多，学音乐应从简单歌曲加大量练习入手，而非钻研数学。
我做了35年软件开发，也花了三十多年才成为不错的音乐人（弹钢琴、唱歌，也会点吉他和鼓）。编程和音乐都很难、都值得投入，但它们是完全不同的东西。这份文档信息量不小、出发点也是好的，但作为学音乐的方式非常糟糕——只有最后6页左右真正讲怎么弹，而且光靠它学不会。如果你是数学家、物理学家或软件工程师想学吉他，别指望它。想学音乐就别深究数学（顶多当副业），先用3-4个简单和弦学会几首喜欢的简单歌，然后在那样的音乐环境里泡上1000小时。没有捷径，音乐不是模式学习，它是一门不同的语言，学音乐是唤醒你内心的音乐自我。自弹自唱几首歌根本不需要懂数学基础。
jng查看英文原文
I have been a software developer for 35 years (started learning in 1985, I've accomplished several pretty successful things in this time), and it's also taken me over three decades to become a good musician (which I've only allowed myself to call my self very, very recently - I play piano and sing, a little bit of guitar and drums too). Programming and music are very different beasts, both very tough, both very worthwhile. I just wanted to post because the documenta above has a lot of great information (on a quick browse) and I'm sure it's filled with good intentions, but it's a very poor way to learn music. If you're a mathematician or physicist or software engineer trying to learn how to play the guitar, be it by ear or in any other way, it's not going to cut it. It's great if you read it and learn the information, but only the last 6 pages or so really talk about actually playing, and they are not going to teach you. If you want to learn to write and play music, don't delve into the math except as a side project. Learn to play a few simple songs that you like, using 3-4 simple chords (there are a ton of tutorials for that), and then spend 1,000 hours playing around on the vicinity of that musical environment. There is no shortcut, it is not about learning patterns, music is a different language, and learning music is about awakening your musical self. Learning to accompany yourself while you sing a few songs needs no understanding of the mathematical foundations at all (and they don't really help), it's mostly about learning a few basic patterns (3-4 chord finger positions) and then being good at performing (mostly tied to self-confidence). Learning to play common songs doesn't take much more. Learning to improvise and to write your own songs requires 1,000+ hours of the type of "playing/dancing/exploring" I was mentioning above. You'll learn the theory on the 10% of those 1,000 hours that you are resting and browsing the internet.
亲历亲历者讲述童年被逼先学唱音再摸琴的痛苦经历，呼应文中关于唱不准音的讨论。
文档第四页谈到无法唱出某个音的问题。我第一次学乐器时遇到一位特别严厉的小提琴老师——在让我碰琴之前，他先在钢琴上按一个音让所有人唱出来。所有人都做到了，唯独我做不到，让我非常震惊。接下来的几周（朋友们都在真正学琴），每次我唱都知道自己唱错了——问题不是听不到那个音，而是无法用嗓子复现它。我也一直想不通唱歌和小提琴演奏有什么关系（直到写这段文字时才恍然大悟，虽然这个要求其实荒谬得可笑）。我含着挫败的泪水坚持，最终唱对了。但我至今不会拉小提琴——却落下了对唱歌的终生厌恶。
lvturner查看英文原文
On the fourth page he talks a bit about inability to sing a certain note. My first ever exposure to learning an instrument was a particularly cruel violin teacher - before he would let me pick up the violin he pressed a note on the piano and have everyone sing it. Everyone could do it, except to my shock, me. We went through this routine for weeks, (while my friends were actually being taught how to play their instruments) every time I sang I knew I was singing the wrong note - the problem wasn't that I couldn't hear the note, it was that I couldn't replicate it with my voice - I also couldn't fathom what the relationship between singing and violin playing was (and still couldn't until I wrote this up where I see now that it is obvious, but hilariously misguided) - but I persisited, fighting back tears of frustration until I eventually got right. I still can't play violin - but I do have a lifetime hatred of singing.
补充分享职业乐手亲戚传授的扒旋律实用技巧：脑中回放歌曲、猜测音程、试错逼近。
和弦对我来说还是不行，但哪怕毫无天赋，靠听觉弹旋律有个非常简单的技巧，是我叔叔（职业乐手，会多种乐器）不到1小时教我的：1. 从任意一个音开始（没有绝对音感就不用管调性）；2. 在脑中回想要弹的歌，判断下一个音比当前高还是低；3. 猜差多少并轻声试弹——通常差2-3个音（全音/半音级数）是不错的猜测，不对就换着试，错了声音会很难听，所以你自然知道何时弹对了，合理选项不多，一般2-3次就能试出来；4. 听起来对了就重弹一遍加深记忆，然后在脑中找下一个音，重复以上步骤。用这个方法练15分钟左右就能学会凭听觉弹任何旋律，练久了你对音程的猜测会越来越准，最终能实时扒旋律。我还是不会扒和弦（只能勉强按旋律每隔几个音配和弦，不难听但也就那样）。
ajuc查看英文原文
It doesn't work for chords for me, but for playing the melody by ear without any talent whatsoever there's a very simple trick that my uncle (who's a proffesional musician and plays many instruments) taught me in less than 1 hour: 1. start with any note (don't need to be in the same key as the original song - if you don't have absolute hearing just don't worry about that) 2. remember the song you're trying to play in your head and consider if the next note sounds higher in your head than the first one or lower 3. guess how much higher/lower and try to play it quietly - usually 2 or 3 tones is a good guess, if it's not 2 try 3 if it's not 3 try 1, etc. - it sounds bad after the first note if you hit the wrong one so you will know when you hit the right one, and there's not that many reasonable options, usually you will get it in 2 or 3 tries 4. when it sounds good you know it's the right note so you hit it hard to have a reference fresh in your memory and go to the next note in your head and repeat the steps This is all you need to learn to play any melody from hearing it by trying it for 15 minutes or so. Eventually you get very good at guessing the intervals and can play any melody by ear in real time I still can't play chords by ear (I can kinda cheat by playing chords based on every second note in the melody or so - it isn't dissonant but sound meh).
补充推荐 HookTheory 初级曲库实战练习，强调每天跟真实歌曲弹奏远胜于苦学乐理。
这件事我纠结了太久。转折点就是直接上手，每天跟着真实歌曲练习，直到模式逐渐清晰——不管一开始多么别扭和绝望。推荐去 HookTheory，把'初级'难度里你熟悉的歌都过一遍（https://www.hooktheory.com/theorytab/difficulties/beginner）。这些歌基本都用 I IV V vi 这四大和弦，掌握了它们，流行和摇滚的半壁江山你就拿下了。每天练一小时坚持一个月，进步会超过五年纯学乐理。
jackkinsella查看英文原文
This is something I struggled with for longer than I should have. For me, the turning point was just diving in and practicing playing along with real songs every day until the patterns became clearer. No matter who uncomfortable and hopeless it felt at first. I recommend going to HookTheory and working your way through every song you're familiar with in the "beginner" section. These songs tend to stick to the big four chords (I IV V vi) and once you nail them, you're half-way there for most pop and rock. https://www.hooktheory.com/theorytab/difficulties/beginner You'll make more progress doing that for an hour a day over a month than you will in five years of theory.
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