生物与医学2019science.sciencemag.org
Neonicotinoids 破坏水生食物网并降低渔业产量
Neonicotinoids disrupt aquatic food webs and decrease fishery yields
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:生态学基础、农药作用机制常识
导读
这篇发表于 Science 的论文研究新烟碱类杀虫剂对水生生态系统的影响,发现其会破坏水生食物网并导致渔业产量下降。论文为这类广泛使用的杀虫剂对环境的间接危害提供了量化证据。
HN 关注点:新烟碱类杀虫剂与蜜蜂种群衰退的争议由来已久,这篇论文将其危害扩展到渔业,引发读者讨论禁用范围与农药监管方式的平衡。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
补充应按使用场景区分:局部施用安全无害,但不应允许其进入水体
新烟碱是处理白蚁最有效安全的药剂之一:在建筑地基周围挖一条窄沟,把药剂混入土中再回填,这种方式对蜜蜂和水产完全没有风险。它也是猫狗身上跳蚤和蜱虫的良好防治手段,涂在颈后可维持30天,同样没有风险。虽然有效,但它不适合用于果园、高尔夫球场或可能进入水系统的场合,然而这些场合却在使用它。购买白蚁防治用的新烟碱时,说明书会说明将其用于其他用途是违法的;但你却可以买到完全相同的药剂用于果树,且说明书称该用途合法,这很没道理。失去新烟碱用于白蚁、蜱虫和跳蚤防治将是严重的错误和损失,且毫无好处。修改说明书、禁止那些明显造成问题的用法是合理的。
red-indian查看英文原文
Neonicotinoids are one of the best and safest pesticide treatments for termites. You dig a narrow ditch around the building's foundation, you mix in the neonicotinoid with the dirt, and you refill the ditch. Used this way there is absolutely no risk to bees or aquaculture. Neonicotinoids are one of the best and safest pesticide treatments for flea and ticks on cats and dogs. You apply it to the back of their neck and it lasts 30 days. Used this way there is absolutely no risk to bees or aquaculture. Neonicotinoids, although effective, are not suitable for use in fruit orchards or golf courses, or where they can enter water systems, yet are used in these contexts. When you buy a neonicotinoid for termite control the instructions explain that it is illegal to use it for those other things. Yet you can instead buy the exact same neonicotinoid for fruit trees where the instructions explain that it is legal for that use. This makes little sense. Losing neonicotinoids for termite, tick and flea control would be a grave mistake and loss and give no advantage. Modifying neonicotinoid instructions to ban usages that are obviously causing problems is reasonable.
补充问题不在农药本身,而在于监管二元化导致单一药剂被过度使用
把东西简单地分为'批准/可接受'或'不可接受'的二元思维存在很大的环境问题。新烟碱相比许多替代品可能是好的,但正因为它是少数被批准的选择之一,被使用得如此广泛,以至于小问题变成了大问题。另一个例子是汽油:它非常清洁,尤其是带催化转换器时,以至于对它最糟糕的批评是:如果数十亿人使用汽油,会破坏二氧化碳平衡。即使平均'坏处'看起来更糟,多用一些多样性也会让我们过得更好,但我们的政策却把我们推向同质化。
jeffdavis查看英文原文
There's a big enviromental problem with the notion that things are either approved/acceptable or not; binary. Neonicotinoids are probably good compared to a lot of alternatives. But by being one of few approved choices, they are used to such a huge extent that minor problems become major. Another example is gasoline. It's very clean, especially with a catalytic converter. It's so clean that one of the worst things you can say about it is: if billions of people use gasoline, it upsets the balance of CO2. If we use a little more variety, even if average "badness" seems worse, we will be better off. But our policies push us toward homogeneity.
亲历亲历式证言:新烟碱危害土壤、植物和鸟类,风险远超收益
看过一部因某些用途而在法国被禁播的纪录片:随着蜜蜂种群大量减少,例如用于玉米时,问题会渗入土壤、杀死土壤中的所有生命,进入周围所有植物,鸟类数量也随之下降。纪录片显示拜耳曾试图破坏调查。我认为风险远大于收益。
dalex00查看英文原文
Saw a documentary banned in France for certain use as bee population decreases massively e.g. used for corn. Problem goes into the ground kill every life in the ground and get into every plant around the crop and also bird population decreases. Documentary showed that Bayer tried to sabotage the investigation. I think the risks massively exceeds the benefits.
质疑质疑为何不直接禁用并回归旧农药
为什么不急于淘汰这些化学物质?据我了解它们是相对较新的发明,在此之前我们使用的是毒性较低的其他杀虫剂。禁用新烟碱、恢复旧农药应该很简单。当然产量可能会略有下降,但这总比对我们整个食物链的生存威胁要好吧?
JanSolo查看英文原文
Why is there no rush to phase out the use of these chemicals? My understanding is that they are a relatively recent invention and that we used different, less toxic, pesticides before. It should be a simple task to outlaw the neonicotinoids and return to the old pesticides. Sure, yields might drop a little, but that's better than an existential threat to our whole food chain, no?
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- 2019Hacker News 讨论帖184 分 · 68 评
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