神经科学与心理学2019ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
冥想对大脑结构的影响（2012）
The effect of meditation on brain structure (2012)
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识：神经科学基础、脑成像（如 fMRI）常识
导读
这篇 2012 年的综述回顾了冥想对大脑结构影响的研究，指出长期冥想者的特定脑区（尤其与情绪处理和注意相关的区域）皮层更厚，且冥想训练可能增强情绪调节、执行控制和持续注意等认知能力。作者同时讨论了现有研究的局限性。
HN 关注点：冥想的神经科学证据一直是 HN 读者感兴趣的话题，讨论焦点集中在研究的因果推断问题：被试自我选择、样本量小、组内方差大等是否足以支持结论。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 2 补充 1 亲历 1
亲历亲历者证实冥想让情绪更短暂、更专注当下
引用论文中关于冥想增强情绪调节、执行控制和注意力的结论后分享亲身体验：我多年前开始冥想，发现自己的情绪变得更短暂了——以前愤怒或悲伤会持续几分钟到几小时，现在只有几秒钟。我也更能与当下连接，而不是纠结过去或未来。已有大量研究证明冥想的益处，这项研究又添了一笔。
Medicalidiot查看英文原文
>Meditation training can enhance various cognitive processes, such as emotional regulation, executive control and attention, particularly sustained attention > Most of regions showing thicker cortical thickness in meditators are related with emotional processing Anecdotal experience: I started meditating years ago and what I've noticed is that my emotions are more ephemeral now. Instead of being angry or sad for minutes to hours it's seconds. Also, I feel like I'm able to connect more with what's going on right now instead of what was or what will be. There has been a significant amount of research already demonstrating the benefits of meditation and this adds to it.
质疑质疑自我选择被试无法证明因果
声明自己不是医学科学家，但想了解被试是如何招募的。会冥想的人可能与对照组本身就有差异，而且复用以往研究的被试也令人担忧。理想的做法是随机招募被试，让一半人冥想 12 或 24 个月后观察变化——自我选择很难证明因果关系。
asperous查看英文原文
Disclaimer I am not a medical scientist: but I'd like to understand more about how they found the participants. It strikes me that people who perform meditation might be different than whatever controls they were able to find. The fact they re-used participants from previous studies also strikes me as worrying. Preferably they would take participants at random and have half perform the meditation for (12 or 24 months) and look for changes. Using self-selection might be more difficult to prove causation.
质疑指出样本小、方差大，结论站不住脚；并问跑步是否也算冥想
对照组和冥想组各只有四十多人，而且看组内方差，远大于冥想带来的平均'增长'，甚至有些脑区在非冥想组平均更厚。我高中以后没学过生物，但看起来无法由此得出结论——我漏了什么吗？另外作为长跑者，我一直好奇跑步算不算一种冥想：我似乎体验到冥想者描述的所有效果，而研究中描述的冥想形式就是运动加关注身体感觉，这基本就是大多数运动。有耐力运动员冥想者能解释区别吗？
loblollyboy查看英文原文
There were only forty something controls and forty something meditators, and if you look at the variance within each group it is way more than the "increase" of the average due to meditation AND some of the brain regions are thicker on average in the non-meditators group. I haven't taken bio since highschool, but it seems like you can't draw a conclusion from this. Am I missing something here? Also, this is something I've always wondered, and I guess the only way to get a real answer would be to try meditating. But as a distance runner, I have always wondered if that is a form of meditation. It seems like I have all of the effects described by meditators, and in this study, they described a form of meditation which was movement and paying attention to the physical sensations - which is basically most sports. Any endurance athlete meditators out there who can explain the difference?
补充注意到只纳入右利手被试，质疑左利手是否被合理排除
有趣的是他们说所有被试都是右利手。我猜左利手（比如我）会让脑结构比较变复杂，因为结构是交叉连接的，左右利手的人略有不同——但并非所有结构都是镜像的。就像医学文献偏向用男性做研究一样，我好奇左利手在这类脑结构研究中是否会有不同结果。
cbanek查看英文原文
I think it's interesting that they say all the participants are right handed. I'm guessing left handed people (like me) would make it complicated to compare brain strcutures since the structures are cross-wired and therefore slightly different for left handed and right handed people? But not all structures are reversed. Kind of like the medical literature focusing on using males for test studies [1] it makes me wonder if left handed people would have some kind of different result in these types of brain studies. [1]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4800017/
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2019Hacker News 讨论帖472 分 · 242 评
同领域还值得读
神经科学家能理解微处理器吗？（2017）
Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor? (2017)
提出一个思想实验：把神经科学常用的分析方法（损伤实验、电生理、功能定位等）应用到一个我们完全了解其原理的工程系统——6502 微处理器（运行游戏）上，检验这些方法能否真正“理解”…
神经科学与心理学2017 · 411 分 · 135 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选大脑衰老呈现非线性转变，提示中年“关键窗口”
Brain aging shows nonlinear transitions, suggesting a midlife "critical window"
这篇 PNAS 论文研究大脑衰老的非线性变化，发现大脑老化并非匀速进行，而是在中年（约 40-60 岁）存在一个关键的"临界窗口期"，此时干预可能有效。
神经科学与心理学2025 · 295 分 · 159 评进阶 · 约 75 分钟编辑精选社交网络中大规模情绪传染的证据（2014）
Evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks (2014)
这篇 2014 年发表于 PNAS 的论文研究了 Facebook 上约 70 万用户的信息流中，减少正面或负面内容是否会传染性地影响用户自己发布内容的情绪。
神经科学与心理学2020 · 285 分 · 72 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选裸盖菇素使人类大脑去同步化
Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain
这篇 Nature 研究用个体化的 fMRI 精密成像追踪受试者服用裸盖菇素（psilocybin）前后的脑功能连接变化，发现药物会造成大范围的脑网络「去同步化」，尤其是默认模式…
神经科学与心理学2024 · 273 分 · 259 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选对智力的赞扬会削弱儿童的动机与表现（1998）
Praise for Intelligence Can Undermine Children's Motivation (1998)
这篇 1998 年的经典论文（Dweck 等人）通过实验研究表扬方式对儿童动机的影响：夸孩子“聪明”（表扬智力）会让他们回避挑战、害怕失败，而表扬努力则更能培养坚持性。
神经科学与心理学2016 · 253 分 · 155 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选