生物与医学2017ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
隔日限食（多于或少于所需）可延长寿命（2006）
Eating less and more than needed on alternate days prolongs life (2006)
进阶 · 约 25 分钟读完前置知识：热量限制与禁食生理、衰老生物学、基础代谢与炎症
导读
这篇论文讨论隔日交替摄入不足与自由进食（alternate-day calorie restriction）是否有助于延长寿命，并涉及热量限制/间歇性禁食的健康效应。评论补充了其在长寿命小鼠、线虫、青光眼和心脏衰老等方面的证据，同时指出相关机制仍远未弄清。
HN 关注点：间歇性禁食和热量限制是否真能延寿，讨论焦点延伸到长期过午不食的僧侣、跨物种证据以及原文结论是否可靠。
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这几条评论里：支持 1 质疑 1 补充 2
补充建议研究长期过午不食的南传佛教僧侣，作为天然的间歇性禁食人群。
我在某处读到，即使 16 小时也足以获得间歇性禁食的益处。有人研究过南传佛教内观传统的僧侣吗？他们有过了正午不进食的戒律。显然很多人会用各种方式破戒，但如果你能找到真正严格的僧侣和寺院，就会有数千甚至可能数万名已经遵循这一 regimen 几十年的研究对象。
nabla9查看英文原文
I read from somewhere that even 16 hours is enough for the benefits of Intermittent fasting. Has anyone done studies with Buddhist monks in Vipassana tradition? They have rule not to eat after midday. Obviously many of them cheat different ways but if you can find the hardcorce monks and monasteries, you would have several thousands (possibly tens of thousands) subjects who have already been following the regime for several decades.
补充补充多项跨物种证据，并强调机制远未阐明，实用抗衰老可能先于完整解释。
延缓青光眼：https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep33950 在长寿命小鼠中的效果：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2013.06.009 保护衰老心脏：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.003 不减少热量也有益处：https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1035720100 在线虫中研究信号通路：http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07583 等等。这个主题还有很多研究：https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=alternate+day+fasting 研究人员要完全理解热量限制和间歇性禁食反应，还有很长的路要走。要做到这一点，几乎需要完整的细胞生化图谱。别屏息等待；根据我十多年来观察 sirtuins 研究进展的经验，几十年是很合理的预期，而这只是巨大问题中很薄的一片。基于 SENS 愿景的实用 rejuvenation（例如清除衰老细胞）会远早于研究人员能在年龄相关变化和哺乳动物生化因果关系中完全解释热量限制之前成为现实。
reasonattlm查看英文原文
Slows glaucoma: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep33950 Effects in long-lived mice: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2013.06.009 Protective of the aging heart: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.003 Benefits without calorie reduction: https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1035720100 In nematodes, looking at signaling: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07583 And so on. There is a lot more out there on this topic: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=alternate+day+fasting Researchers still have a very long way to go in order to understand the calorie restriction and intermittent fasting responses completely. In order to do that one pretty much as to have a complete map of cellular biochemistry. Don't hold your breath waiting for that to happen; decades is a very reasonable expectation, I think, based on watching progress in understanding sirtuins over more than a decade, which is just one very thin slice of a very large problem. Practical rejuvenation based on repair of damage after the SENS vision (such as via clearing senescent cells) will be a going concern well before researchers can fully explain calorie restriction in the context of age-related changes and cause and effect in the operation of mammalian biochemistry.
质疑质疑原文把大量具体疾病改善归因于隔日热量限制，且不清楚是小鼠还是人体实验。
这看起来有点不靠谱： “自 2003 年 5 月起，我们尝试隔日热量限制，一天摄入估计每日热量需求的 20% 到 50%，次日随意进食，并在短短两周内观察到健康益处，涉及胰岛素抵抗、哮喘、季节性过敏、病毒/细菌/真菌引起的感染性疾病（病毒性上呼吸道感染、复发性细菌性扁桃体炎、慢性鼻窦炎、牙周病）、自身免疫性疾病（类风湿关节炎）、骨关节炎、中枢神经系统炎症病变引起的症状（抽动症、梅尼埃病）、心律失常（室性早搏、心房颤动）、更年期潮热。”（重点是我加的。） 他们还在说小鼠吗？还是人体实验？
vannevar查看英文原文
This seems flaky: "Since May 2003 we have experimented with alternate day calorie restriction, one day consuming 20-50% of estimated daily caloric requirement and the next day ad lib eating, and have observed health benefits starting in as little as two weeks, in insulin resistance, asthma, seasonal allergies, infectious diseases of viral, bacterial and fungal origin (viral URI, recurrent bacterial tonsillitis, chronic sinusitis, periodontal disease), autoimmune disorder (rheumatoid arthritis), osteoarthritis, symptoms due to CNS inflammatory lesions (Tourette's, Meniere's) cardiac arrhythmias (PVCs, atrial fibrillation), menopause related hot flashes." (Emphasis mine.) Are they still talking about mice? Or experiments on people?
支持基于个人观察认为少吃可延寿，认为消化和炎症压力会伤身。
我一直仅凭轶事证据就相信，限制热量、少吃是延年益寿的最佳方法之一。吃东西似乎本质上会给身体带来压力。虽然显然必要，但我们应该努力尽量减少进食。超过必要量，消化带来的压力和炎症分子就会损害身体，削弱我们对抗感染的能力。
rubicon33查看英文原文
I have long believed, due entirely to anecdotal evidence, that restricting calories and eating less is one of the best ways to add years to your life. It seems that eating is inherently stressful for the body. Though obviously necessary, eating is something that we should strive to minimize. Any more than necessary, and the stress induced from digestion, and inflammatory molecules, damages the body and undermines our ability to fight infection.
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