神经科学与心理学2012wjh.harvard.edu
如果金钱不能让你快乐，你可能没把钱花对（2010）
If money doesn't make you happy, you probably aren't spending it right (2010)
入门 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识：心理学研究常识、消费者行为基础、基本统计阅读
导读
这篇论文（Dunn、Gilbert 与 Wilson）讨论金钱与幸福的关系，核心论点是：钱本身不一定带来幸福，但把钱花在能提升幸福感的方面会有帮助。文章综述消费者心理学研究，提出买体验而非物品、为他人花钱、把消费拆成多次小快乐等“正确花钱”方式。
HN 关注点：把“金钱能否买幸福”变成可操作的消费建议，讨论焦点是体验与物品、金钱解除约束还是带来新焦虑。
后来怎么样
这篇综述把“体验消费、为他人花钱、拆分消费以增加愉悦”等主张系统化，成为消费者幸福研究中的代表性文献，并推动了后续关于体验性消费与亲社会支出的系列研究。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
亲历亲历：税后100万美元主要带来的是解除约束和安全感，而非消费本身；同时带来再投资的新焦虑。
去年我卖掉上一家创业公司的一些股票，税后略超100万美元，可以说这确实让生活变好了。那段时间我得以：辞去那家公司的创始人职位（从而避免在可能被收购时被 vesting/留任条款绑住）；拥有自己的房子，并投资几套公寓，变成利润不错的副业；用自己的钱创办新公司，不要求薪水；在创办新公司过程中旅行并住在几个不同城市；买小件东西时完全不再看价签：打车、加一个盘子、偶尔的机票、请一轮酒。并不是花钱本身让我幸福，而是它移除了很多以前的约束。它让我觉得默认状态本应是无忧无虑、快乐的，只要能把担忧和压力挡在外面，一切都会好。新的担忧是，我现在花很多时间思考如何明智地再投资并继续这样生活。这并不让人不堪重负，也和以前理财没太大不同，只是规模更大，多了一个维度。
michokest查看英文原文
Last year I sold some stock from my last startup, a little over $1m after taxes, and I can say it's definitely changed things for the better. In this period of time, I have been able to: - Quit my founder position at that startup (thus avoiding potentially being tied to vesting or retention clauses, in case of an acquisition) - Own my house, and invest in a few other apartments, which turned into a little side business with great margins - Start a new company investing my own money, and not requiring a salary - Travel and live in a few different cities as I build the new startup - Completely forget about the price tag when buying small-ticket things: a taxi ride, asking for an extra plate, an occasional flight, paying a round of drinks It's not as it money made me happy by spending it, but it did remove a lot of the constraints I had before. It's made me feel like the default state would be to be carefree and happy, and as long as you can keep the worries and the stress away, everything will go alright. As a new worry, I now spend a lot of time thinking about how to reinvest it wisely and continue living like this. It's not overwhelming, and it's not very different than what doing my finances felt like before, but doing it a larger scale adds a new dimension to it.
质疑质疑：体验vs物品二分法过于粗糙，忽略“体验性物品”，研究样本和假设有偏。
我对感染所有消费者幸福研究的“体验/物品”二分法感到厌烦。是的，目前所有证据都支持它。但所有研究也一直在寻找支持这一范式的方式。我不买体验，也不买物品。我买露营装备、乐器和其他“体验性物品”。但消费者研究者不懂这个概念，他们（恕我直言）偏年轻、女性，并假设全世界都在一双鞋和一顿好餐厅饭之间做选择。（顺便说，我刚拿到研究心理学硕士。）
WalterSear查看英文原文
I am sick and tired of the experience/possession paradigm that infects all consumer happiness research. Yes, all the evidence so far supports it. But, all the research so far has been looking for ways to support the paradigm. I don't buy experiences, and I don't buy possessions. I buy camping gear, musical instruments and other experiential possessions. But, this concept is lost on consumer researchers, who skew young, female and IMHE, assume the whole world is choosing between a pair of shoes or nice restaurant meal. (FWIW, I just got my masters in research psychology.) [Edited for spelling]
补充补充：金钱与幸福的关系复杂，钱既消除压力也代表社会成功/掌控感；关键是“有意识地”花钱和生活。
这里各种复杂性很难用笼统论断、统计、原则或研究捕捉。金钱（问题）是很多不幸福的来源。压力及其后果。入不敷出压力大且不幸福。26岁恋爱中又穷又无忧无虑可能好玩，但多数情况下穷很糟糕。为5岁孩子选牙医还是芭蕾课并不愉快。赚钱和幸福之间有非因果的相关性。很大程度上，有钱是人在社会中成功运转的一个大例子，因此可能与其他各种“运转良好”相关。赚钱常常是成功控制自己的生活，类似其他成功控制生活（有意且成功地选择职业或家庭生活），这些都与幸福相关。感到成功本身愉快。我们大多数人工作一辈子，钱是主要原因。没赚到很多钱（有许多例外）就是没能赚更多钱，失败不愉快。我最近的主张是尝试“有意识/刻意”。围绕机缘巧合有很多浪漫化，刻意行动较少。它们并不真的竞争，但常感觉竞争。无论如何，以更产生幸福的方式花钱，就是有意识地追求幸福。这可以延伸到金钱之外。有意识地花时间、你的精力……
netcan查看英文原文
There are all sorts of complexities here that's difficult to capture in sweeping statements, statistics, principles or studies. Money (problems) are the source of lots of unhappiness. Stress and its consequences. Failing to make ends meet is stressful and unhappy. While being a broke and careless 26 year old in love might be fun, in most circumstances being broke sucks. Choosing between a dentist or ballet class for your 5 year old is not pleasant. There are noncausational correlations between making money and happiness. To a large extent, having money is one big example of successfully functioning in our society. It's therefore probably correlated with all sorts of other types of functioning. Making money is often succeeding at controlling your life. It's similar to other successes at controlling one's life (deliberately and successfully choosing a career or family life). These are related to happiness. Feeling successful is pleasant in itself. Most of us work most of our lives. Money is the main reason. Not making much money is (with many exceptions) failing to make more money, failure is unpleasant. My Shtick recently is attempting to be deliberate. There's a lot of romanticism around serendipity, less so about deliberate action. They're not really competitive, but they often feel like they are. In any case, spending your money in a more happiness generating way is being deliberate about being happy. It extends past money. Be deliberate about spending your time, your effort and anything else you spend on happiness and you will probably be more happy.
补充补充：把“买体验而非物品”联系到创业产品设计，并给出HN过往讨论链接。
这篇论文的头号建议（买体验，不是买东西）对HN社区很有现实意义。一个推论是“你的创业公司要卖体验，而不是卖功能”。附之前讨论链接。
GFischer查看英文原文
The #1 advice on this paper (experiences, not things) is very relevant for the HN community. A corollary is "Your startup needs to sell experiences, not features": http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2662671 Previous discussions ("Money = Happiness, but when it buys experiences"): http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=482036 "Spend money on experiences, not possessions" http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1825525
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2012Hacker News 讨论帖161 分 · 94 评
- 2014Hacker News 讨论帖258 分 · 143 评
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