神经科学与心理学2025nature.com
呼吸练习中 CO2 下降与意识改变状态的出现
Decreased CO2 during breathwork: emergence of altered states of consciousness
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识：基础生理学、呼吸性碱中毒概念、意识研究基础
导读
这篇论文探讨呼吸练习（breathwork）过程中二氧化碳水平下降与意识改变状态出现之间的关系。研究可能通过生理指标观察CO2降低是否伴随类似冥想或迷幻体验的意识状态变化。
HN 关注点：呼吸练习为何能产生欣快和意识改变，讨论其生理机制、安全性以及研究设计是否严谨。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 1 亲历 2
补充将呼吸练习效果归结为呼吸性碱中毒、深呼吸冥想和膈肌节律运动叠加。
有人向我描述，这基本上是过度换气（呼吸性碱中毒）在平和、积极环境中的神经与心理效应（而非焦虑发作等驱动），加上深呼吸的冥想效应，再加上膈肌这一主要核心肌节律运动带来的冥想/脑波同步效应。这些合在一起常导致欣快、意识改变和认知转变，与迷幻药相差不远。更熟悉的人能否确认、修正或否定这个总体基于医学/世俗视角的呼吸练习总结？
jkingsman查看英文原文
I've had this described to me as basically the combination of neuro+psychological effects of hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) in a peaceful/positive environment (as opposed to anxiety-attack-driven or etc.), plus the meditative effects of deep breathing, plus the meditative/brain-entrainment effects of rhythmic movement of a major central/core muscle (diaphragm). Together, those often cause euphoria, altered states of consciousness, and cognitive shifts not too far off from psychedelics. Could someone who is more familiar with it affirm, adjust, or deny that as a general (medically-grounded/secular) summary of breathwork?
质疑质疑呼吸练习与理性目标矛盾，担心缺氧损害理性思考。
我不想过于苛责，但为什么呼吸练习/冥想无神论圈这么流行？我本以为理性是目标，而这似乎会负面改变理性。（剥夺大脑氧气，想必会降低理性思考能力，或至少无法满负荷运转）我知道Sam Harris靠推广冥想App赚大钱，但他的无神论受众很接受。
dukeofdoom查看英文原文
I don't mean to be too critical, but why is breathwork/meditation so popular in Atheist circles? When I would presume rationality is the goal, and this seems like it would alter it in a negative way. (depriving your brain of oxygen, presumably decreases its ability to think rationally, or at least run at full capacity) I get that someone like Sam Harris, makes bank promoting his meditation app. But his atheist audience is very receptive.
亲历自由潜水者亲历高CO2耐受训练可提神激活，但非人人适合。
个人轶事：我玩自由潜水，所以CO2耐受训练很常见，我断断续续做。基本是通过屏气训练身体适应高CO2。我发现短暂高CO2非常有助于激活、摆脱昏沉状态。不知道是皮质醇、血管收缩还是CO2触发潜水反射的混合，但我觉得需要做困难或需要意志力的事时，这是工具箱里的工具。不过不适合所有人，很多人过不了最初呼吸冲动，第一次不自主收缩可能就吓坏。
sergioisidoro查看英文原文
Personal anecdote: I do freediving, so CO2 tolerance training is common, and I've done it on and off. Basically you do breath holds to train your body to get used to high leves of CO2. I've found that brief high C02 levels are very good for activation, and to get out of a lethargic state. I don't know if a mix of cortisol and vasoconstriction and dive reflex triggered by the CO2, but I feel like it's a tool I have on my toolbox whenever I need to so something difficult or that requires a lot of will power. It's not for everyone tho, because many people can't get past the initial urge to breathe, and would probably freak out with the first involuntary contraction.
亲历亲历holotropic breathwork并建议双盲设计、质疑生物标志物（DMT假说）。
我试过holotropic breathwork，体验相当惊人。不幸的是，尽管我尝试在没有引导下重现，我发现我的大脑不愿超过5到10分钟呼吸，而课程中做了30分钟。话虽如此，我认为这项研究设计可以大大改进。用耳机创建双盲群体环境应该不难（像无声迪斯科），参与者和研究者都不知道谁听引导音。我也不确定生物标志物是否最佳。DMT显然可在唾液检测，我认为理论是holotropic breathwork期间松果体释放比正常更多DMT。
pedalpete查看英文原文
I've experimented with holotropic breathwork, and was quite amazed at the experience. Unfortunately, as much as I've tried to re-create the experience while not lead, I find my mind just doesn't want to go beyond about 5-10 minutes of breathing, vs the 30 minutes I did in breathwork sessions. Having said that, I think the design of this study could be much improved. It shouldn't be too difficult to create a double blind group environment using headphones (think like a silent disco) where both participants and researchers don't know who is listening to guided or not. I'm also not sure if the biomarkers are the best. DMT can apparently be detected in saliva, and I believe the theory is that during holotropic breathwork, the pineal gland releases more DMT than normal.
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