经济与社会科学2024aidantr.github.io
人工智能、科学发现与产品创新
Artificial Intelligence, Scientific Discovery, and Product Innovation
进阶 · 约 90 分钟读完前置知识:计量经济学基础、材料科学基础、AI 在科研中的应用
导读
这篇论文研究 AI(尤其是深度学习)对材料科学领域科研与产品创新的影响。作者发现 AI 大幅提升了材料发现效率,带动专利申请和下游产品创新增加,但只有与足够高水平的科学家配合时才有效;同时 82% 的科学家报告工作满意度下降,原因是创造力被削弱和技能未被充分利用。
HN 关注点:AI 对科研生产力的真实影响,以及“AI 提效但科学家满意度下降、依赖人类专业能力”这一反直觉结论。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 2 质疑 1 补充 1
支持AI 的错误输出对领域专家反而是创作素材,但前提是使用者本身足够专业
引用论文结论:AI 大幅促进材料发现,增加专利申请和下游产品创新,但只有搭配足够熟练的科学家才有效。作者结合亲身经历表示认同:今天让 Claude 生成某个网上例子不多的知名算法部件,它幻觉出了一个函数,虽然不对但足够接近,让我能自己“再幻觉”出创造性解法。当然,如果我不是该领域的专家,这种幻觉毫无用处。
youoy查看英文原文
From the conclusions: > I find that AI substantially boosts materials discovery, leading to an increase in patent filing and a rise in downstream product innovation. However, the technology is effective only when paired with sufficiently skilled scientists. I can see the point here. Today I was exploring the possibility of some new algorithm. I asked Claude to generate some part which is well know (but there are not a lot of examples on the internet) and it hallucinated some function. In spite of being bad, it was sufficiently close to the solution that I could myself "rehallucinate it" from my side, and turn it into a creative solution. Of course, the hallucination would have been useless if I was not already an expert in the field.
补充科学家满意度下降可能与工具形态有关,编程类 AI 工具因保留核心技能而未出现类似问题
论文调查显示这些收益有代价:82% 的科学家因创造力和技能利用率下降而报告工作满意度降低。这是个有趣且出乎意料的发现。这是 UX/工具问题吗?能否设计出保留解题乐趣的界面来缓解?我还没见过 Copilot 等编程工具有类似的满意度下降研究——可能因为它们更像传统自动补全的延伸,你仍在大量“编程”,核心技能没有被抛弃。相关:遇到想自己解决的有意思的问题时,我常会关掉 Copilot。
slopeloaf查看英文原文
“Survey evidence reveals that these gains come at a cost, however, as 82% of scientists report reduced satisfaction with their work due to decreased creativity and skill underutilization.” What an interesting finding and not what I was expecting. Is this an issue with the UX/tooling? Could we alleviate this with an interface that still incorporates the joy of problem solving. I haven’t seen any research that Copilot and similar tools for programmers have a similar reduction in satisfaction. Likely with how much the tools feel like an extension of traditional auto complete, and you still spend a lot of time “programming”. You haven’t abandoned your core skill. Related: I often find myself disabling copilot when I have a fun problem I want the satisfaction of solving myself.
支持AI 提效的同时,人类判断与领域知识依然关键
有趣的是这项研究强调了即使在先进 AI 时代,人类专业知识依然不可或缺。它表明 AI 虽能显著提升生产力,但人类判断力和领域知识的价值仍然至关重要。
uxhacker查看英文原文
It’s interesting to see how this research emphasizes the continued need for human expertise, even in the era of advanced AI. It highlights that while AI can significantly boost productivity, the value of human judgment and domain knowledge remains crucial.
质疑对 AI 驱动的材料突破能否真正落地持怀疑态度
希望它真的有效且够快。我等不及我的 1 万次循环、300 Wh/kg 电池、市场上便宜的高效太阳能组件,以及那些被承诺过却至今没影的纳米技术突破。
newyankee查看英文原文
Well I hope it works well and fast enough. I cannot wait for my 10k cycles, 300 Wh/kg batteries. 35% efficiency solar modules in market at cheap prices and plenty of nanotech breakthroughs that were promised yet we are still waiting on
历次讨论
- 2024Hacker News 讨论帖180 分 · 47 评
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