神经科学与心理学2022pnas.org
眼神接触标志着对话中共同注意的起伏
Eye contact marks the rise and fall of shared attention in conversation
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识：心理学实验基础、眼动追踪概念
导读
这篇 PNAS 论文研究对话中眼神接触与共同注意的关系，发现眼神接触的建立与移开标志着共享注意力的上升与下降。研究让 186 名受试者（93 组两人对话）对话并回看录像自评投入程度，结合眼神追踪数据分析。
HN 关注点：眼神接触是否真的等于注意力本身，以及研究方法（自我报告、WEIRD 样本）是否可靠。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 2 补充 1 亲历 1
质疑质疑研究测量的是注意力的感知而非注意力本身，且样本过于 WEIRD
研究用对话双方回看录像时的自评投入度来衡量参与度，这是本末倒置——它测的是对注意力的感知，而非注意力本身。我看对方脸只是为了示意我在听，但那样我其实在注意看脸而不是听内容；想既真听又显得在听，我会记笔记。另外 186 名受试者均来自达特茅斯学院（平均 19.4 岁，120 名女性），是典型的 WEIRD 样本，而这项研究测的恰恰是根植于文化认知的东西。
faeriechangling查看英文原文
>Mean engagement was quantified as an average of the two continuous self-reported engagement ratings that each conversation partner made while rewatching a video of their conversation The tail is wagging the dog in this study. The study fundamentally fails to validly measure what it claims to measure. It's measuring the perception of attention, not attention itself. I only look at their face to signal that I'm paying attention to them, but if I'm looking at their face, I'm probably paying attention to looking at their face not at what they're actually saying. It's a very conscious move on my part to sacrifice my actual ability to pay attention to give off the perception of paying attention. If I want to both pay attention and look like I'm paying attention, I write notes. >186 subjects comprising 93 dyads (mean age: 19.38 y; 120 females) participated. Subjects were recruited from Dartmouth College Also a rather WEIRD sample which is actually a major issue in a study like this since it's measuring something rooted in cultural perceptions.
质疑认为摘要夸大，效应小、建模松散，眼神接触只是话轮转换的一个因素
摘要一如既往地夸大了结论。效应量很小，建模也很粗糙。其他研究已表明手势在话轮转换中起作用，而且仅凭听就能预测说话者何时说完。眼神接触可能只是众多因素中的一个。
tgv查看英文原文
The abstract oversells it, as usual. The effects are small, and the modelling is loose. Other studies have shown that gestures can play a role in turn taking, and that we are capable of predicting when the speaker is going to finish simply by listening. Eye contact may be just one more factor weighing in.
补充提醒眼神接触存在文化差异，并非普适
请注意在某些文化中人们会刻意回避眼神接触：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contact#Cultural_differences
stevezsa8查看英文原文
Keep in mind that in some cultures eye-contact is avoided: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contact#Cultural_differences
亲历亲历：眼神接触反而干扰倾听，自己会假装眼神接触以示专注
不看对方时我能更专注地听，但别人会以为我没在听。如果要看，我更愿意看对方的嘴来读唇辅助听，但意识到盯着人嘴不礼貌，于是我会微微虚化视线假装眼神接触。没人说过我的眼神奇怪。
zoklet-enjoyer查看英文原文
I can focus better on what someone is saying if I'm not looking at them. Sometimes it's detrimental because others think I'm not paying attention. If I do look at a person's face while speaking with them, it is most beneficial to me to look at their mouth and read their lips while I listen. But then I'm like aware that I'm staring at this person's mouth so then I'll fake eye contact by looking them in the eyes but blurring my vision slightly. I'm not sure if that looks weird, but I think people don't notice. Nobody has ever said anything about my eyes looking odd. Or maybe they just think that's how they are.
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