经济与社会科学2022academic.oup.com
更重的汽车对驾驶者更安全,但对其他人致命得多
Heavier cars are safer for their drivers, but far deadlier for everyone else
入门 · 约 60 分钟读完前置知识:计量经济学基础、外部性概念
导读
这篇经济学论文研究车辆重量对交通死亡风险的外部性:在控制自身车重后,被重 1000 磅的车辆撞击会使死亡风险增加 40–50%。作者比较了按重量计的里程税与燃油税两种内部化外部成本的方案,发现两者效果相近,并据此认为欧洲燃油税可能比美国更接近最优水平。
HN 关注点:车辆越造越重的安全外部性问题,以及是否应该用税收、禁令或分级驾照等政策加以约束。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 补充 3
补充重车安全是富人转嫁风险给穷人的外部性,应考虑直接限制而非仅靠税收
论文摘要指出:控制自身车重后,被重 1000 磅的车辆撞击会使死亡风险增加 40–50%。作者考虑了按重量计的里程税和燃油税两种内部化外部成本的方案,发现对大多数车辆效果相近,表明欧洲燃油税可能比美国更接近最优水平。在贫富不均的环境下,这似乎又是一种富人得利的方式:轻松负担更重的车来提升自身安全,同时增加对穷人的致命威胁。如果更大的车对整体人群更危险,那就应该对所有人禁用,而不是事实上只让穷人开不起。
neilv查看英文原文
> Using three separate identification strategies we show that, controlling for own-vehicle weight, being hit by a vehicle that is 1000 pounds heavier generates a 40–50% increase in fatality risk. [...] We consider two policies for internalizing this external cost, a weight-varying mileage tax and a gas tax, and find that they are similar for most vehicles. The findings suggest that European gas taxes may be much closer to optimal levels than the US gas tax. In an environment of wealth inequality, this seems like another way that the wealthy can benefit: easily afford to drive heavier vehicles that increase their personal safety while increasing the lethal threats against the poor. How about instead: if larger vehicles are more dangerous for the population overall, then they should be banned for everyone, not only effectively off-limits to the poor.
支持碰撞测试标准已被迫跟进重型 SUV,主张直接禁用重型车
IIHS 甚至不得不修改沿用十年的标准侧面碰撞测试,以适应当前更重更多的 SUV。我认为应该禁掉它们,否则温水煮青蛙式的发展最终会让我们都坐在'战斗机甲'里开车。
musha68k查看英文原文
They even had to change a decade old standard crash test to account for increase in weight and count of current style SUVs. IMO they should be banned as the creeping normality will lead to all of us sitting in battle mechs eventually: https://www.iihs.org/news/detail/small-suvs-struggle-in-new-tougher-side-test https://youtu.be/3Lu-t5dJrxI
补充建议重型车辆需要专门驾照或加注资质
我觉得对更重的车单独发驾照或在现有驾照上加注是个合理想法。它们的操控特性截然不同,而且很多司机明显缺乏安全驾驶它们的技能。用微型车考驾照然后直接去开大排量皮卡,这本身就相当荒谬。
LAC-Tech查看英文原文
I feel like heavier cars being a separate license or an endorsement on your existing car license is a sensible idea. They have very different handling characteristics, and it's pretty noticeable a lot of their drivers lack the skill required to operate them safely. I mean the idea that you can sit your license test in a subcompact and then go out and drive a 4 door high displacement ute/pickup truck is pretty absurd on the face of it.
补充补充文化背景:科幻故事早已设想重车威胁小车安全的场景
一个相关的趣闻:Rush 的歌曲《Red Barchetta》基于一篇与本文主题相关的科幻短篇。故事中'现代安全汽车'设计得又大又重,通过其设计(加上司机的疏忽或攻击性),对更老更小的车构成威胁。
ckozlowski查看英文原文
Perhaps an interesting, related anecdote to this is that the song "Red Barchetta" by Rush is based on a speculative short story related to this article's premise. In the story, Modern Safety Vehicles are by design massive and heavy, and through their design (and either carelessness or aggression by those who drive them), are a danger to older, smaller cars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Barchetta http://www.fiatbarchetta.com/links/nice.html
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2022Hacker News 讨论帖403 分 · 729 评
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