经济与社会科学2022sciencedirect.com
美国 37% 的工作岗位完全可以居家完成
37% of jobs in the United States can be performed entirely at home
进阶 · 约 35 分钟读完前置知识:劳动经济学基础、O*NET 职业数据库、基本统计分类方法
导读
这篇论文基于 O*NET 的职业任务特征,判断美国哪些岗位可以完全在家完成,估算约 37% 的美国就业岗位具备完全居家办公的条件,并比较这种可行性在不同职业和行业间的分布。它讨论的是工作本身能否远程完成,而非员工是否偏好远程。
HN 关注点:37% 这一估算是否可靠:有人用亲历说明远程协作可行,也有人质疑论文的分类规则会把户外工作占比很高的职业误判为可居家,从而高估比例。
后来怎么样
论文提出的“约37%岗位可完全居家”成为疫情后讨论远程办公可行性的标准引用数字,被政策机构、媒体和后续远程办公研究广泛用作基准估计。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 1 补充 2 亲历 1
亲历亲历表明长期远程开发高效可行,办公室干扰反而损害编程。
1984—1992 年,我们五个人在家为 Macintosh 开发 Microsoft Works。没有互联网,需要合并代码时就碰头,通常每月一次、有时每周一次;平时打电话,偶尔去微软。那段时间很理想,效果也很好。也许只是我们性格合适,但我很惊讶有程序员宁愿去办公室。如今有高速互联网和视频会议,我猜有些人只是很孤独、需要面对面,这没问题,我能理解;但 1992 年后我被迫进办公室上班,非常讨厌。可以肯定地说,我在办公室从没写出过好代码,干扰太多了。
mwattsun查看英文原文
5 of us wrote Microsoft Works for the Macintosh while working at home from 1984 to 1992. Without the internet, we got together as needed to merge code, usually once a month, but sometimes once a week. We talked on the phone. We went to Microsoft once in awhile. It was ideal and worked very well. Maybe it was just our personalities that made it work, but I am astonished that any programmer would rather go into the office. With high speed internet and video conferencing, I assume that some people are just very lonely and need face to face. I see nothing wrong with that. I understand it, but after 1992 I took a job that forced me into an office and I hated it. I can safely say I never wrote any good code while working in an office. There are too many distractions.
质疑分类阈值过宽,会把部分户外工作职业误判为可居家,导致高估。
这项调查的编码方式是个笑话。如果某职业有 40% 的人说自己在户外工作,因为低于 50%,按那条标准就会被归入可居家办公类别。我认为哪怕只有 20% 的人说自己在户外工作,也足以说明我们对另外 80% 的人做什么、为何不能居家办公缺少信息。这种设置净效果显然是大幅高估,所以 37% 这个数字要打折看。
TimPC查看英文原文
The coding used by this survey is a joke. If 40% of an occupation says they work outdoors that's below 50% so it's bucketed into the work from home category on that criterion. I think if even 20% of a job is saying they work outdoors that's pretty strong evidence you're missing some information about what the other 80% are doing in their job that prevents it from being a work from home job. The net result of their setup is obviously a vast overestimate so take the 37% number with a grain of salt.
补充远程办公已成大公司招聘留才优势,难以逆转。
我知道一些公司正试图让员工回到混合办公,但对我来说,这个钟已经敲响、回不去了。我所在的公司是财富500强,我原以为它不会保持远程,但我们坚持下来了,这对招聘和留住人才很有帮助。它确实帮我们招到那些本来会去找更时髦雇主的人。
wing-_-nuts查看英文原文
I know some companies are trying to get their employees to go back to a hybrid schedule, but for me, I think the bell can't be unrung. My company is a f500 company that I would not have thought would remain remote, but we have, and it really helps us hire and retain talent. It honestly helps us recruit people that would otherwise have sought out trendier employers.
补充问题在开放式办公的干扰,而非办公室本身。
我不讨厌在办公室工作。我讨厌的是“开放式办公”办公室——总有人打断我的工作。
stevenhubertron查看英文原文
I don’t hate working in an office. I hate working in an “open plan” office where someone is always interrupting my work.
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2022Hacker News 讨论帖414 分 · 395 评
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