神经科学与心理学2022sciencedirect.com
友谊偏好中的性别差异
Sex Differences in Friendship Preferences
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识：进化心理学基础、社会心理学基础
导读
这篇进化心理学论文研究男女在同性友谊偏好上的差异：研究发现男性更看重身体强壮、地位高、富有以及能带来潜在择偶机会的同性朋友，而女性更看重能提供情感支持、亲密感和有用社交信息的朋友。作者从进化角度解释这些差异源于男女在演化史上面临的不同挑战。
HN 关注点：男性友谊的普遍困境（孤独、难以建立深度友谊），并争论这些差异是文化还是生物性的，以及进化心理学结论是否可靠。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 2 亲历 2
亲历亲历者认为男性友谊模式更可能是文化塑造而非天生
我今年 42 岁，一生都觉得很难和其他男性建立有意义的友谊。我有很多熟人，也不害羞不社恐——比如经营公司时我常独自参加商务社交活动，主动搭话、聊上几个小时，但这些互动最终只留下一个好朋友。和女性建立友谊反而更容易，但（作为直男）事情会变复杂：要么我动心，要么她动心，要么对方的伴侣怀疑我们的关系。摘要里描述的女性友谊模式——情感支持、亲密感、有用的社交信息——才是我想要的。我怀疑还有其他男性也这样，主流的男性友谊模式可能更多是文化而非生物性的。但我没有证据，你们怎么看？
d4nt查看英文原文
I’m a 42 year old male and have found it very hard, my whole life, to establish meaningful friendships with other men. I have many acquaintances, I’m not shy or socially awkward. E.g. When I was running a business I would often go to business networking events alone, start conversations with people, establish a rapport and spend hours chatting, but all those interactions have essentially left me with one good friend. I’ve often found it easier to establish friendships with women, but (being straight) they get complicated. Either I develop feelings, or they do, or there’s a suspicion from someone’s parter about the real nature of our relationship. It’s just too problematic. I think the female “model” of friendships outlined in the abstract just makes more sense to me. “emotional support, intimacy, and useful social information” is what I want from a friendship. I suspect there are other men in this position and that the dominant male “model” of friendship that we have (and which is outlined in this article) is more cultural than biological. But I have no proof. What do you think?
亲历个人经验印证论文结论：女性朋友更可靠、更持久
「男性更看重强壮、地位、财富和择偶机会，女性更看重情感支持、亲密和有用信息」——这完全符合我的经历。正因如此，作为男性我本能地觉得女性朋友更值得信任：遇到生活问题时，女性朋友帮我的远多于男性朋友。留存率也不同，早年交的女性朋友留下来的远多于男性朋友。
kccqzy查看英文原文
> we find that men, compared to women, more highly value same-sex friends who are physically formidable, possess high status, possess wealth, and afford access to potential mates. In contrast, women, compared to men, more highly value friends who provide emotional support, intimacy, and useful social information. This is exactly my experience here. This is the reason why as a man, I instinctively find female friends more trustworthy. When I experience a problem in life, female friends help me a lot more than my male friends do. The retention rate is also different. A lot more of the female friends I made earlier in my life remained as friends than male friends I made.
质疑反例：幽默感才是友谊的核心，与性别偏好无关
这些结论完全没引起我共鸣。作为三十多岁的男性，我发现自己一生中每个挚友都只是能互相逗笑的人——共同的幽默感，仅此而已。我的友谊并不肤浅，有些朋友我愿意为他捐肾，相信他们也会为我这么做。但幽默才是一切的根基。
brap查看英文原文
The conclusions really didn’t resonate with me. Not the male or female preferences. As a male in my 30s, I just realized that every single close friend I had throughout my life is simply a person who made me laugh, and I made them laugh. A shared sense of humor, that’s literally all it is. And it’s not like my friendships are/were shallow or anything, I have friends who I will gladly give a kidney to and I’m sure they’ll do the same for me. But I think humor was really the foundation of it all.
质疑质疑：仅凭问卷偏好加进化叙事，是可重复性危机的典型套路
这简直是可重复性危机的典型「事后解释」。研究没有考察地区、国家、社会经济群体、性别认同等变量，也没有研究真实的友谊，而只是问卷中表达的友谊偏好（我猜这更多受社会期望影响而非真实友谊，但重点是「我们不知道」）。然后再加上「进化」二字，显得很有格调。
joe_the_user查看英文原文
Across evolutionary time, some of the many challenges that friendships helped to solve may have differed between men and women.... This is just a "post child" for the replication crisis. It doesn't look at region, nation, socio-economic group, gender identity and so forth. It also doesn't look at actual friendships but friendship-preferences expressed on in survey (which I might speculate would be more influenced by social expectations than actual friendships but the point is "we don't know"). And then it add "evolutionary" to give a nice feel...
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