安全与密码学2021arxiv.org
iPhone 更利于隐私吗?iOS 与 Android 应用比较研究
Are iPhones Better for Privacy? Comparative Study of iOS and Android Apps
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:移动应用生态基础、追踪器与数据收集概念、ATT 政策背景
导读
这篇论文对 iOS 和 Android 平台的热门应用进行了隐私对比研究,分析应用中的追踪器和数据收集行为。研究数据采集于 2021 年苹果推出应用追踪透明度(ATT)强制选择加入机制之前,因此反映的是该政策生效前的应用生态隐私状况。
HN 关注点:HN 读者长期关注 iOS 与 Android 的隐私之争,这篇实证研究为争论提供了数据支撑,讨论焦点集中在研究时效性和平台差异的真正来源。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 1 补充 3
补充指出研究数据早于苹果 ATT 政策,时效性存疑,并希望对比付费与广告变现应用的差异
我认为这项研究相当不错,但有一个重要注意事项:论文第 5 页写道,数据集采集于 2021 年苹果新的追踪选择加入机制推出之前,反映的是该政策变化前夕的应用生态隐私状况。我个人更想看到付费应用与广告变现应用之间的隐私差异对比——我默认广告应用会追踪,也假设付费应用追踪更少,但实际是否如此还真不好说。
zsmi查看英文原文
I think this study is quite good but it does come with one important caveat: From page 5, "This is before the introduction of Apple's new opt-in mechanism for tracking in 2021. Our dataset therefore reflects privacy in the app ecosystem shortly before this policy change." Personally, I would prefer to see the difference between apps monetized by customers paying directly and apps monetized by advertising. I take for granted advertiser will track, and I assume paid apps track less but I wonder if that's actually true in practice. It very well might not be.
质疑认为比较应聚焦应用生态而非操作系统,iOS 的 FLOSS 与隐私工具生态明显更弱
作为操作系统,很难比较 Android 和 iOS 的隐私差异;但作为应用生态,这不难。比如 iOS 上没有任何一个支持 GPG 邮件的开源邮件应用。在 iOS 生态中,隐私和自由开源软件是次要考虑,因为 iOS 用户更愿意为专有软件付费。而 Android 上选择多得多,包括 F-Droid 这样充满 FLOSS 应用、并按隐私模式与反模式评分的商店。
Jeaye查看英文原文
It's tough to diff the privacy between Android and iOS, as an OS. However, as an app ecosystem, it's not tough at all. For example, there is not a single open source email app on iOS which supports GPG email. In the iOS app ecosystem, privacy and FLOSS is an afterthought, since iOS users are more likely to pay for proprietary software. On Android, there are a lot more options, including things like F-Droid which are full of FLOSS apps which are graded based on their patterns and anti-patterns.
补充强调 Android 隐私表现因厂商而异,选品牌很关键,主流决策信息匮乏
我不打算质疑这篇论文的结论,但选 Android 时选对品牌仍然非常重要。小米手机上打开时钟应用,第一件事就是让你接受隐私政策(!)。三星在这方面可能好一些。我看到不少人在苹果 CSAM 扫描事件后换到 Android,但除了价格和功能外几乎没考虑品牌选择,以为所有 Android 都一样。你可能会说真正在乎隐私的人会装 GrapheneOS,但目前帮助普通人做这类决策的主流信息非常匮乏,简直就是狂野西部。
concinds查看英文原文
I'm not going to debate the conclusion of this paper, but keep in mind if you pick Android, it's still very important to pick the brand correctly. When you open the Clock app on Xiaomi phones, the first thing you see is a privacy policy you need to accept (!). Samsung might be better on this. I saw quite a few people on other websites (not HN) who said they switched to Android after Apple's CSAM thing, but put little thought into brand choice beyond price and features, just assuming all Androids are the same. You might say that people who really care about privacy would just get GrapheneOS, but the mainstream info available to help make these decisions is really poor as of now. Just seems like a Wild West.
补充主张不必二选一,可通过多设备分区使用兼顾便利与隐私
在讨论 iOS 与 Android 隐私时,有一点要考虑:你可以两全其美——同时拥有一部 Android 手机和一台 iOS 设备(如果负担得起的话,我知道很多第三世界国家的人没有这个条件)。就像 HN 和 Reddit 上隔三差五出现的 Chrome 与 Firefox 之争一样。我有一台 Chromebook 用来整天使用 Google 生态,另有一台装了 Qubes+Whonix 的 ThinkPad 用于隐私、安全甚至匿名场景。你不必忠于单一公司/系统/服务商,可以分而用之、相互隔离。
spansoa查看英文原文
One thing you have to consider when debating i0S versus Android in the context of privacy is: you can have the best of both worlds and own an Android phone and an i0S device (if you can afford that, and I'm aware many citizens in third world countries don't have the luxury of owning two phones). It's like the old Chrome versus Firefox debates that happen every other month now on Hackernews & Reddit. I own a Chromebook where I leverage the Google ecosystem and do Googley stuff all day, then a Thinkpad with Qubes+Whonix when I want privacy & security & sometimes anonymity. You don't have to be faithful to a single company/OS/provider/whatever. You can leverage all the things and compartmentalize.
历次讨论
- 2021Hacker News 讨论帖167 分 · 149 评
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