经济与社会科学2021nature.com
封锁与远程学习可能扩大社会阶层学业差距
Lockdown, distance learning likely to increase social class achievement gap
入门 · 约 25 分钟读完前置知识：教育不平等基础、数字鸿沟概念、远程教学背景
导读
这篇论文关注停课与远程教学如何影响不同社会阶层学生的学业成就差距。文章综述研究指出，社会阶层与数字工具获取、数字技能熟悉度以及将技术用于学习的方式存在不平等，因此封锁和远程学习可能进一步扩大阶层间的成绩差距。家庭技术条件、学习环境等非课堂因素会放大教育不平等。
HN 关注点：关校和远程教学是否对弱势学生造成更大伤害，以及疫情政策在儿童教育与社会不平等上的副作用。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：支持 1 补充 2 亲历 1
支持作者从支持关校转为认为远程学习造成灾难，低估了数字鸿沟与学习环境的影响。
这是我彻底改变看法的一件事。我以前认为关学校不会伤害任何人，成绩最差也就持平；理由是学校浪费了很多时间，在哪学差别不大。但我严重低估了原以为次要的因素，比如对技术的熟悉度、数字鸿沟，甚至只是有没有一个安静私密的空间能专注。数据本身说明问题，这已经是一场灾难。
qsort查看英文原文
This is something I did a complete 180 about. I used to think closing schools wouldn't hurt anybody and that performance would at worst remain stationary. My reasoning was that so much time is wasted at school that it doesn't really make a difference where the learning happens, but I severely underestimated effects I thought were second-order like the familiarity with technology, the digital divide, or even just having access to a quiet, private space where one can focus. The data really speaks for itself, it's been a disaster.
亲历教师亲历显示远程学习按阶层分化，贫困家庭孩子失联；但完全开放学校也因教师感染不可行。
我有几个中小学教师朋友，这印证了他们的说法：家长对疫情的反应按阶层明显分化。有全职在家的家庭受影响最小；但许多较贫困家庭的孩子在隔离期完全消失。问题严重到老师每天下午安排时间，给没登录远程课堂的孩子家长打电话（学校提供电脑和蜂窝网络）。即使联系上，家长也常表示不在乎孩子缺课，因为不信远程教学。作为家长，这种冷漠难以置信，但它是真的。不过学校一直全开也不可行：孩子可能不如成人易感，但二三十人关在室内病毒会传播；本地学区尽量保持开放，但教师生病（有的多次）或辞职，很快缺教师。
PragmaticPulp查看英文原文
> First, we review research showing that social class is associated with unequal access to digital tools, unequal familiarity with digital skills and unequal uses of such tools for learning purposes I have several friends who are elementary and middle school teachers. This echoes what they’ve been saying: The pandemic response among parents has been starkly divided across class lines. Families with stay-at-home parents are, obviously, the least impacted. However, many of their children from less well-off households simply disappear completely during quarantine periods. The problem is so bad that they have scheduled time each afternoon to try to call all of the parents whose children didn’t log on to the remote learning session (with their school-provided computers with school-provided cellular connections). If they can reach the parents at all they often indicate they don’t even care that their kids were absent because they don’t believe in the distance learning. The indifference is mind-boggling as a parent, but it’s real. That said, leaving schools fully opened at all times wasn’t really a viable option. Kids may not be as vulnerable to COVID as adults, but put 20-30 of them in enclosed rooms and the virus will spread. Local school districts here tried to stay open as long as possible but they quickly ran into a lack of teachers as the teachers became ill (multiple times in several cases) or simply quit because they couldn’t risk it for themselves or their families at home.
补充批评疫情政策双标和只关注新冠，忽视青少年健康等长期副作用。
去年晚些时候，我在 HN 根据轶事观察评论过这种明显变化。仅看政客自己不遵守指南、把自家孩子送私教却封锁别人，就该让人醒悟。我收到很多负面评论，说我主张让孩子和老人冒险等。好像大家完全忘了其他副作用，只盯着新冠。上周 CDC 显示疫情期间青少年肥胖率翻倍。这些决定会有长期后果，却被压制讨论。
busymom0查看英文原文
I commented about this easily and obviously noticeable change based on anecdotal observations on HN late last year. Even simply observations of politicians getting away with not practicing their own guidelines and sending their own kids to private tutors while locking down everyone else should have woken up people. I got a lot of negative comments ranging from how I was advocating for putting kids and their elderly parents at risk and what not. It’s like everyone has completely forgotten about all the other side effects and have tunnel vision of covid only. Last week, CDC came out showing how the obesity rates in youth has doubled during the pandemic. All these decisions will have long term consequences which people get silenced over.
补充安静的学习空间是稀缺资源，贫困环境嘈杂，凸显学习环境不平等。
基本上，有益的环境绝非理所当然。安静是被低估的奢侈品（也是公共图书馆被低估的一面）；说真的，贫穷很吵。
tbihl查看英文原文
Basically, beneficial environments are anything but guaranteed. Plus, quiet is an underappreciated luxury good (and an underappreciated aspect of public libraries); seriously, poverty is so loud.
历次讨论
- 2021Hacker News 讨论帖234 分 · 349 评
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