物理与天文2021iopscience.iop.org
物理曲速引擎
Physical Warp Drives
专业 · 约 60 分钟读完前置知识：广义相对论基础、度规与时空几何、Alcubierre 曲速驱动概念
导读
这篇论文（Physical Warp Drives）研究如何在仅使用已知物理原理的前提下构造一类亚光速、球对称的曲速驱动时空，认为亚光速曲速泡原则上可实现，而科幻式的超光速情形仍面临根本性困难。作者团队还公开招募研究者加入其曲速研究小组。
HN 关注点：HN 读者长期关注 Alcubierre 曲速驱动理论的发展，讨论焦点是亚光速曲速是否真正“物理可实现”、是否仍需要负能量，以及它能否解决近光速航行的其他难题。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：支持 1 质疑 1 补充 3 亲历 1
亲历作者亲自澄清误解并公开招募曲速研究小组成员
大家好，我是这篇论文的作者之一，也是 YC 校友。这个视频很好地解释了我们的论文和 Erik 的论文，论坛里存在一些误解。我们彼此都认识，都有“曲速情结”，因为现在有了一条路径——只是会很艰难。如果你想加入我们的曲速研究小组，请发邮件介绍自己和你的想法。小组由多个 STEM 学科的博士和工程师组成，每周开会，还有更多论文在筹备中。
gmartire查看英文原文
Hey all, I'm one of the authors of the paper Introducing Physical Warp Drives and a Y Combinator alum (YC W'14). This video does a great job explaining our paper and Erik's as there a few misunderstandings in this forum https://youtu.be/PA66ah9b0U4. We all know each other and all have the warp bug as we now have a path; it's just going to be difficult. If you would like to join our warp drive cohort, please email us a bit about yourself and your ideas for warp at create at appliedphysics dot org. Our cohort is composed of PhDs and engineers from several STEM disciplines, we meet weekly and have more papers in the works, perhaps you can join the fun! https://thedebrief.org/new-warp-drive-model-requires-no-exotic-matter-scientists-say-we-can-build-it/
支持强调亚光速曲速才是真正可实现的突破点
我觉得最有趣、而大多数读者似乎忽略的一点，是关于亚光速曲速驱动的主张——它在实践上是可实现的，而科幻式的超光速情形则不然。
haydnv查看英文原文
I think what's really interesting about this that most readers seem to overlook is the claims about subluminal warp drive, which is practically realizable in a way that the science-fictional faster-than-light case is not
补充补充相关同期论文资料
大约同一时间还有另一篇曲速驱动论文：《Breaking the Warp Barrier: Hyper-Fast Solitons in Einstein-Maxwell-Plasma Theory》。
nynx查看英文原文
There is another paper on warp drives that came out around the same time, Breaking the Warp Barrier: Hyper-Fast Solitons in Einstein-Maxwell-Plasma Theory [0]. [0]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.07125
质疑探讨亚光速曲速能否解决尘埃撞击、辐射蓝移等近光速航行难题
“我们证明一类亚光速、球对称的曲速驱动时空，至少原则上，可以基于人类今天已知的物理原理构造出来”——这太棒了。自从读了 Alcubierre 论文及其后续，我就觉得超光速有巨大的物理性问题，但接近或达到光速的曲速驱动不存在这些问题。这样的驱动未必降低近光速旅行的能量需求，但我想知道它能否消除其他大问题，比如一粒尘埃就能毁灭飞船、蓝移把入射辐射变成对准船头的伽马射线激光。它对时间膨胀有影响吗？以光速飞往半人马座约需 4.5 年（地球时间），传统方式下乘员主观上几乎瞬间到达，曲速泡里还是这样吗？
api查看英文原文
> We show that a class of subluminal, spherically symmetric warp drive spacetimes, at least in principle, can be constructed based on the physical principles known to humanity today This is awesome. Ever since I read about the Alcubierre paper and it’s followups it seemed obvious to me that while there are huge basic physicality issues with FTL those same issues don’t exist for a near or at light speed warp drive. Such a drive would not necessarily reduce the energy requirements of travel near light speed, but I wonder if it would eliminate some of the other huge problems. Things like a single dust particle annihilating you or blue shift turning all incident radiation into a gamma ray laser aimed at the front of your ship. Would it have any impact on time dilation? If you approach the speed of light conventionally you can experience the trip subjectively as near instantaneous due to time dilation. Is that still true if you are in a warp bubble? Light speed gets you to the centauri system in about 4.5 years Earth time. With time dilation the main cruise phase of the flight would seem instantaneous on board the spacecraft. (It would be years on Earth of course.)
补充提出自旋-引力耦合材料可能是度规工程的现实路径，但理论困难重重
这类论文总是很有趣。他们似乎找到了更一般的“曲速驱动”度规，但粗读之后我不明白他们打算如何在现实中造出来。我认为度规工程最好的方向——除非你想建造移动的超致密物质球和环这种疯狂东西——是研究具有有趣自旋-引力耦合的材料。旋转体有额外的引力相互作用（如 Gravity Probe B 测到的），原子自旋是真实的角动量，所以应该存在某种自旋-引力相互作用，尽管极其微弱。但如果能让它随时间变化，就可以放大效应——就像变化的磁场产生电场一样，变化的“引力磁场”会产生引力场。不过即使我有物理学博士学历，也不知道理论上该如何入手：GR 中对粒子自旋的处理很少，还得把它和固体物理结合起来……
captainmuon查看英文原文
I always find these kind of papers interesting. It seems like they found a more general "warp drive" metric. But after skimming it, I don't understand how they want to create it in reality. The best shot I think we have at metric engineering - unless you want to build something crazy like moving spheres and rings of ultra dense matter - is to look into materials with interesting spin-gravity coupling. We know that rotating bodies have additional gravitational interactions. The effect is tiny, but measurable in experiments (e.g. Gravity Probe B). We also know that atomic spin is not just an abstract quantum number but actual angular momentum. So there should be some kind of spin-gravity interaction, even though it would be incredibly weak. But even though the absolute force is small, if we manage to make it time dependent we could amplify the effect. Just like a changing magetic field creates an electric field, a changing "gravitomagnetic" field would create a gravitational field. This is basically the insight that took us from compasses and static electricity to the whole of electrical engineering. I am not sure such materials could even exist. And even though I have a PhD in Physics, I have no idea how one would approach this theoretically. The treatment of particle spin seems to be very rare in GR, and then you would have to marry this to solid state physics and somehow calculate how the situation changes when the spin density changes and so on... The furthest I got was to open a thread on stackexchange about it :-) but who knows, maybe someday somebody looks into this stuff: https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/46099/materials-with-different-gravitomagnetic-permeability
补充指出操纵度规可能绕过能量守恒，暗示亚光速曲速的能源意义
值得注意的是，能量守恒是时空的局域性质。也就是说，如果你能操纵度规，就应该能够创造（或消灭）能量。建造曲速泡所需的能量只取决于其体积，而非其中包含的质量。有了亚光速曲速驱动，你可以把物质吊出引力井，然后再让它落下去。
Loquebantur查看英文原文
Notably, energy conservation is a local property of spacetime. Meaning, if you can manipulate the metric, you should be able to create (or vanish) energy. Creating the warp-bubble clearly takes energy dependent only on its volume, not the mass contained therein. Here, with a subluminal warp drive, you could hoist matter out of a gravity well and let it fall down afterwards.
相关资源
从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2021Hacker News 讨论帖147 分 · 125 评
- 2022Hacker News 讨论帖68 分 · 68 评
- 2025Hacker News 讨论帖13 分 · 2 评
同领域还值得读
LIGO 探测到第二个引力波
Second Gravitational Wave Detected at LIGO
LIGO 宣布探测到第二个双黑洞并合产生的引力波信号（GW151226）。
物理与天文2016 · 621 分 · 174 评入门 · 约 20 分钟编辑精选W 玻色子质量测量显示与理论计算存在 7σ 偏差
Measurement of the W boson mass reveals 7σ deviation from calculations
对 W 玻色子质量的测量结果与标准模型理论计算存在 7σ 的偏差，远超统计学显著性标准，可能暗示新物理的存在。
物理与天文2022 · 356 分 · 151 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选涌现引力与暗宇宙
Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Verlinde 的这篇论文提出“涌现引力”理论，认为引力并非基本相互作用，而是由时空的量子信息（熵）涌现而来，并据此试图在不引入暗物质粒子的情况下解释星系旋转曲线等通常归因于暗…
物理与天文2016 · 219 分 · 81 评 · 引用 7专业 · 约 120 分钟编辑精选Feynman：用计算机模拟物理（1981）
Feynman: Simulating Physics with Computers (1981)
这是费曼 1981 年的经典演讲论文，探讨用计算机模拟物理系统（尤其是量子系统）的问题。
物理与天文2016 · 187 分 · 22 评入门 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选量子世界中观察者独立性的实验否证
Experimental rejection of observer-independence in the quantum world
报告了一个检验观察者独立性的量子实验，借助多观察者版本的 Wigner's Friend 场景，考察不同观察者获得的测量结果是否能被视为客观、观察者无关的事实。
物理与天文2019 · 187 分 · 111 评 · 引用 4专业 · 约 50 分钟编辑精选