物理与天文2021researchgate.net
火星上的真菌？来自序列图像的生长与行为证据
Fungi on Mars? Evidence of Growth and Behavior from Sequential Images
入门 · 约 35 分钟读完前置知识：火星车任务与表面影像基础、风成地质与风化过程基础
导读
这篇论文声称通过对比火星车拍摄的序列图像，发现了火星上存在真菌类生命的证据：图像中显示出类似真菌的形态、生长、移动和形状变化等“行为”。作者承认无法完全排除矿物、风化等非生物解释，但认为生长与运动等行为结合类生命形态强烈支持火星存在生命的假说。
HN 关注点：是因为“火星有生命”是惊人主张，讨论焦点集中在作者的可信度以及图像证据能否排除风吹沙等非生物解释。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 3 补充 1
质疑作者过往发表记录可疑，论文可信度存疑
第一作者过去发表过可疑的论文，比如《上帝的量子物理：意识如何成为宇宙并创造了自身》和《与未来的量子纠缠：林肯梦见自己被刺杀》。其他合著者也有边缘出版记录（最后一位作者是天体物理学家，不相信黑洞存在）。鉴于这些发表记录，即使这篇论文表面上看起来有说服力，我也非常怀疑。
sam-2727查看英文原文
The first author has had questionable publications in the past: "Quantum Physics of God: How Consciousness Became the Universe and Created Itself" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344906681_Quantum_Physics_of_God_How_Consciousness_Became_the_Universe_and_Created_Itself) and "Quantum Entanglement with the Future: Lincoln Dreams of His Assassination" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344907026_Quantum_Entanglement_with_the_Future_Lincoln_Dreams_of_His_Assassination). Other coauthors have past evidence for fringe publications (the last author is an astrophysicist who doesn't believe black holes exist). Given the publication records, I would be very skeptical of this paper, even if it seems convincing at face value.
质疑图像变化更可能是沙子被吹走露出卵石和暗色物质，而非真菌生长
很多显示“生长”的图像对（尤其是他们做假设检验的第7和第8对）完全可以用沙子被吹走、露出更多圆形卵石来解释。“变小”的几乎都是在“之前”被更多覆盖，“出现”可能只是“露出”。我不买账这一整节。图29-30有点意思……图31-32可以用履带收集蓝色沙子解释。所有暗色条纹和团块的图像都与这些一致：火星表面下有大量暗色物质，扰动表面就会显露出来。用真菌故事解读新撞击影像就等于说“岩石撞击导致真菌生长”，这很说不通。连尘卷风都能剥开表面露出暗色物质。我很怀疑，不过我懂什么呢，我只是做机器人的。我希望全是真菌，还希望它能吃。
jvanderbot查看英文原文
Lots of image pairs showing "growth" (7&8 esp which is the image pair they did their hypothesis testing on) can be perfectly explained by the sand just blowing off and revealing more of the round pebbles. The "smaller" ones are nearly all covered more in "before" than "after" and the "appearance" might just be "reveal of". See 41, 42, 44 for the close-up of changes. I don't buy that whole section. Fig 29-30 is interesting ... Fig 31-32 can be explained by the treads collecting blue sand. All the images of dark streaks and clumps are in line with these: https://www.universetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/PIA19127_ip.jpg which show that there's a bunch of dark stuff under the surface that shows when you disturb the surface. Interpreting fresh impact imagery with a fungii story would be "Rocks impacting the surface cause fungii growth" which makes very little sense. Even dust devils strip off the surface enough to show the dark stuff. https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2021/02/Mars_dust_devils_in_action I'm doubtful but hey what do I know, I just make robots. I hope it's all fungi and I hope it's edible.
质疑作者本末倒置，惊人主张却缺乏足够数据支撑
论文写道：“形态相似不能证明生命。有可能这里展示的所有样本都是非生物的。我们无法完全排除火星特有的、对地球来说未知而陌生的矿物、风化和未知地质力量。然而，生长、移动、位置和形状的改变构成行为，加上类生命的形态，强烈支持火星存在生命的假说。”他们真应该更强调第一句话。惊人的主张需要惊人的数据，而他们没有。他们应该反过来表述：非生物现象更可能，但不能排除生物背景，应进一步调查。
pacman2查看英文原文
"Similarities in morphology are not proof of life. It is possible that all the specimens presented here are abiotic. We cannot completely rule out minerals, weathering, and unknown geological forces that are unique to Mars and unknown and alien to Earth. However, growth, movement, alterations in location and shape, constitute behavior, and coupled with life-like morphology, strongly support the hypothesis there is life on Mars." They really should put more focus on the first sentence. Extraordinary claims need extraordinary data, which they don't have. They should have phrased it otherwise around. While abiotic phenomenons are more likely, we can not rule out a biological background. Further investigation should be undertaken.
补充第一作者 Rhawn Joseph 有大量伪科学和争议言论记录
关于本文第一作者 Rhawn Joseph 的资料：他因接受非正统的进化机制而受到科学界批评。生物学家 P.Z. Myers 曾嘲笑 Joseph 声称火星上发现的一块岩石是类似地球真菌的活生物体。他还发表过争议性言论，比如“从生物学上讲，女性只有一个用途：怀孕”。嗯，这人……
jamal-kumar查看英文原文
https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Rhawn_Joseph FTA on the primary author of this paper: Joseph has been criticized by the scientific community for embracing unorthodox mechanisms of evolution. In one instance, the biologist P.Z. Myers ridiculed a claim by Joseph that a rock found on Mars is a living organism similar to a type of fungus existing on Earth.[5] He has also made controversial comments about sex, including "Biologically, females serve one purpose: to get pregnant".[6] Yeah this guy... hmm http://brainmind.com/images/JosephGalaxy.jpg HMMMMMMM
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