经济与社会科学2021privpapers.ssrn.com
研究美国移民壁垒对全球知识生产的影响
Studying the impact of U.S. immigration barriers on global knowledge production
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:基本统计学概念、移民政策背景
导读
这篇论文研究美国移民壁垒对全球知识生产的影响,聚焦于顶尖人才群体(诺贝尔奖得主、菲尔兹奖得主、国际数学奥赛奖牌得主),分析移民美国与移民其他国家的顶尖人才在产出上的差异。HN 上的讨论标题称“移民美国的人产出最高可达其他地区的 6 倍”,但论文实际只研究了极少数精英群体。
HN 关注点:移民政策如何影响人才流动与科研产出,讨论焦点是“移民美国产出更高”这一结论是否被标题夸大,以及美国移民筛选机制本身的作用。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:质疑 2 补充 1 亲历 1
质疑指出论文样本仅限极少数顶尖人才,HN 标题存在夸大误导
这篇论文只研究了能力超群的人群:诺贝尔奖得主、菲尔兹奖得主和国际数学奥赛奖牌得主。论文本身很有意思,但当前 HN 的标题(“移民美国的人产出最高可达其他地区的 6 倍”)似乎有误导性——论文研究的对象只占“移民美国的人”的不到 0.01%。
jbullock35查看英文原文
This paper examines only those who are extraordinarily able: Nobel Prize winners, Fields Medalists, and International Math Olympiad medalists. It's interesting, but the current HN headline ("Migrants to the US are up to 6 times more productive than migrants elsewhere") seems misleading. The paper is taking up < 0.01% of "migrants to the U.S."
质疑认为高产出是移民筛选机制的选择效应,而非美国环境本身
这其实不难理解:移民美国比移民世界上几乎任何其他地方都要付出大得多的努力,如果你不打算充分利用机会,就不会费这个劲。而且美国对不是本国高收入者的人几乎无法移民,而高收入者通常与高产出相关——至少在需要高水平专业能力的工作上是如此,而这正是美国唯一放行的类别。
lmilcin查看英文原文
Listen, this isn't all that difficult to understand. Migrating to US is much higher effort than migrating practically anywhere else in the world. You don't expend that effort if you don't plan on making the best of it. Also US makes it very hard or impossible to migrate if you are not already high earner in your country of origin. Being high earner would normally correlate with being productive, at least when it comes to jobs requiring high level of expertise, ie. practically the only ones that US lets in.
补充以德国为例对比,认为美国的包容性和上升通道是移民高产出的关键
一如既往,这里的人在抱怨美国。作为外人,我觉得美国有一点做得很好:包容性。美国人不知道世界其他地方有多落后。比如我现在住在德国,德国正在大量引进拉美和东南亚的 STEM 工人,但看德国公司的结构会发现:管理层和员工之间差距巨大(薪资也一样),而且管理层几乎全是德国人(99.9% 是本土族裔)。这种情况在欧洲大部分地区可能都存在,英国或许除外。所以美国移民产出更高并不奇怪——在大多数国家,移民只是被引进来填补某个特定位置,玻璃天花板就牢牢卡在那个位置上方一点,更别提移民的创业机会了。
orange_tee查看英文原文
As always people on here bitching about the US. As an outsider one thing I find to be really good in the US is inclusion. Americans really don't know how backwards the rest of the world is. For example, I currently live in Germany. Germany is currently importing boatloads of Latino and South East Asian STEM workers. Now if you look at the structure of German companies two things stand out: 1. there is a huge disparity between management and workers and this is reflected also in the salaries 2. all management are German (99.9% ethnic with maybe one 3rd generation ethnic Slav/Turk) This situation is very likely true for most of Europe, except for maybe the UK. So of course migrants in the US are more productive. In most countries immigrants are imported to fill a niche and the glass ceiling is held firmly just above that niche. And let's not even talk about entrepreneurial opportunities for immigrants.
亲历亲历者分享:美国的教育环境激发了自己远超以往的努力程度
我不是移民,我只是来美国读书,毕业后打算回国。但有一点可以肯定:在祖国时我从没像在美国这样努力过。在美国我拼尽全力,是这里扎实的教育体系塑造了我。我更享受学习和工作,而不是出去玩和派对。美国帮助我发现了比在其他国家可能学到的更多的东西,我感谢美国。
exodus04查看英文原文
I am a non immigrant. I just came here to study and want to return once I am done. But one thing I can say for sure, back in my home country I never worked as hard as I did in America. In America, I worked my ass off, I feel like its the robust education system that made me this person. I enjoy studying/working more than going outside and partying. I feel America helped me discover more about myself than I would have ever learned in another country. I thank America and its predecessors who created such a beautiful country.
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从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2021Hacker News 讨论帖152 分 · 177 评
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