经济与社会科学2020science.sciencemag.org
行为助推减少未出庭现象
Behavioral nudges reduce failure to appear for court
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识：行为经济学基础、随机对照实验基础
导读
这篇论文研究如何减少被告未按时出庭（failure to appear）的问题。核心做法是通过行为科学中的“助推”（nudge）手段——如重新设计的出庭传票表格和短信提醒——来提高出庭率，实验表明这些低成本干预显著降低了缺席率。
HN 关注点：司法系统中的低成本行为干预，以及缺席出庭背后的社会经济根源（贫困、工作冲突等）是否被低估。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：支持 1 质疑 1 补充 2
质疑以亲身经历指出缺席出庭的根源是贫困和系统性压迫，短信提醒无法解决结构性问题
披露：我曾因毒品犯罪入狱。我非常厌恶那种基于“罪犯无知且冷漠”这一陈词滥调的刑事司法研究。如果你以此为研究前提，就忽略了刑事司法系统在设计上就是针对穷人和少数族裔的这一本质。开庭日期不能改期，迟到两三分钟就会直接进监狱，不能请病假，而且保释往往以出庭为条件。如果你贫穷、有孩子、要打三份工，缺席出庭几乎是必然的——因为缺勤意味着养不起孩子，孩子没人照顾就会被州政府带走。公共交通也经常误点，这是州政府提供的服务导致州政府要求的出庭失败。你可以给我发再多短信，但如果孩子生病了，或者我必须替人顶一个16小时的班（在美国强制加班是合法的），我还是会缺席。发短信还预设了对方手机有话费——穷人可不会掏出 iPhone 12……
nimbius查看英文原文
Disclosure: ive been incarcerated for a drug crime in the past. I absolutely loathe research into the criminal justice system thats predicated on the aggravatingly trite idea that offenders are ignorant and apathetic. If you base your research around this, youre missing the point of how the criminal justice system by its very design predates on poor people and minorities. Court dates cant be rescheduled. you cant show up 2-3 minutes late like you do to an office job or youll walk into the courtroom and go directly to jail. You cant call in sick to a court date, and in many cases your bail or release is contingent upon attendance. Youre pretty likely to miss a court date if youre poor, have one or more kids, or 3 jobs because missing the jobs means you cant feed the kids, and not taking care of the kids means the state takes the kids. Public transportation is also an excellent way to miss your court date, because it never runs on time. its a state-provided service causing your state-mandated court attendance to fail. You can send me all the texts you want, but if my kids sick or i have to fill in a 16 hour shift at bloaty's pizza hog because my 19 year old coworker decided to road trip to Coachella this week and mandatory overtime is legal in the US, im still going to miss my court date. texting someone their court dates is also predicated on the idea that the person has 'minutes on their phone' because poor people (surprise) dont whip out an iPhone 12 when they sign up for these alerts.
补充补充资料：纽约市还用球票、地铁卡等实物激励来提高出庭率
纽约市还提供棒球赛门票和快餐礼品卡来鼓励人们出庭。据 CBS2 报道的执法消息人士称，该市将向获释人员提供激励措施，如大都会队球票、地铁卡或 Dunkin' Donuts 礼品卡。
ciarannolan查看英文原文
NYC also offers tickets to baseball games and fast food gift cards to try to get people to show up for court. > A law enforcement source told CBS2 a city program will offer those released incentives meant to encourage them to show up in court such as Mets baseball tickets, a subway pass or a Dunkin’ Donuts gift card. [0] [0] https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/11/04/nyc-to-offer-mets-tickets-doughnut-gift-cards-to-get-freed-inmates-back-in-court-after-state-ends-cash-bail/
支持强调重新设计的传票表格本身就是沟通设计价值的范例
助推的效果固然是主要看点，但重新设计的传票表格（图1）也是沟通设计重要性的绝佳案例。虽然仍有改进空间，新表格明显更容易理解。
growlix查看英文原文
The effect of the nudge is definitely the main story here, but the redesigned summons form (Figure 1) seems like a pretty good example of the importance of communication design. While there's certainly still room for improvement, the new forms seem much easier to understand.
补充推荐相关创业公司 Uptrust，认为改善政府服务系统潜力很大
Uptrust 在这方面做得很好（https://www.uptrust.co）。让地方政府系统更好地服务所有民众——包括需要出庭的人——有很大潜力。
coderintherye查看英文原文
Uptrust is doing great work in this regard: https://www.uptrust.co There is a lot of potential to make local government systems work better for all of their constituents, including those facing court appearances.
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- 2020Hacker News 讨论帖151 分 · 149 评
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