神经科学与心理学2020medrxiv.org
新冠康复者的认知缺陷
Cognitive deficits in people who have recovered from Covid-19
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识:基础统计学(标准差、效应量)、认知测验常识
导读
这项研究通过大规模在线认知测试,考察新冠康复者的认知功能是否受损。结果显示,尤其是住院并使用呼吸机的患者,认知缺陷幅度可观——0.57 个标准差的下降,相当于 20 到 70 岁间约 10 年的自然认知衰退,也大于中风或学习障碍报告者的平均缺陷。
HN 关注点:新冠的长期后遗症及其严重程度,讨论焦点集中在认知缺陷是否为新冠特有,以及研究方法(自报感染、混杂因素)是否可靠。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 质疑 2 补充 1
补充认知缺陷可能是危重症的普遍后果,并非新冠特有
快速搜索一下就会发现,认知缺陷似乎是任何危重病人的常见后果,而不只是新冠。这项研究就是一个例子:认知功能障碍是危重病的重要长期并发症,会降低生活质量、增加医疗成本并导致入住机构。而且比例相当高:206 名(49.9%)患者存在认知障碍,其中 120 人(29.1%)为轻中度,86 人(20%)为重度。
fasteo查看英文原文
A quick Google search reveals that cognitive deficit seems to be a common consequence in any critically ill patient, not just Covid-19 This study[1] of just one example: Cognitive dysfunction is an important long-term complication of critical illness associated with reduced quality of life, increase in healthcare costs, and institutionalization And the numbers are certainly high: Cognitive impairment was identified in 206 (49.9%) patients, 120 (29.1%) patients had mild or moderate cognitive impairment, and 86 (20%) patients had severe cognitive dysfunction. [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5316231/
支持引用论文结论强调缺陷幅度之大:相当于 10 年认知衰退或 8.5 分 IQ 差异
引用结论:观察到的缺陷规模并不小;住院用呼吸机亚组 0.57 个标准差的整体分数下降,相当于该数据集中 20 到 70 岁间平均 10 年的整体表现衰退。它大于 512 名曾中风者(-0.40SD)和 1016 名报告有学习障碍者(-0.49SD)的平均缺陷。作为对比,在经典智力测验中,0.57 个标准差相当于 8.5 分的 IQ 差异。
kasperni查看英文原文
From the conclusion: "The scale of the observed deficits was not insubstantial; the 0.57 SD global composite score reduction for the hospitalised with ventilator sub-group was equivalent to the average 10-year decline in global performance between the ages of 20 to 70 within this dataset. It was larger than the mean deficit of 512 people who indicated they had previously suffered a stroke (-0.40SDs) and the 1016 who reported learning disabilities (-0.49SDs). For comparison, in a classic intelligence test, 0.57 SDs equates to an 8.5-point difference in IQ."
质疑质疑心理创伤和疫情压力可能是认知下降的混杂因素
我绝无意淡化新冠感染的严重性,但一个很重要的问题是:疾病和住院带来的心理创伤对认知功能有什么影响?我自己没感染,但仅因疫情的压力和不确定性,我也感觉自己的认知功能有所下降。
isoprophlex查看英文原文
By no means do I want to detract from the severity of covid infections, but a very important question to answer would be "what's the effect of psychotrauma resulting from illness and hospitalization on cognitive function" I feel that my own cognitive functions have declined as well during the pandemic, due to stress and uncertainty alone. I haven't been infected, mind you.
质疑质疑自报感染的可信度,并指出残留症状比例的分母计算有误
13050 人自报得过新冠,但只有 361 人有过阳性检测?没检测的人真的得过新冠的可靠性如何?如果认知能力较低的人更容易误报得过新冠呢?另外,论文说只有很小比例(0.76%)的参与者报告有残留症状——除非我理解有误,用全部参与者作分母似乎不对,因为没生病的人按定义不可能有残留症状。修正后,有残留症状的比例应为 4.7%。
kmm查看英文原文
13050 people report having had covid, but only 361 had had a positive test? How reliable is it that those without a test actually had covid? What if people with lower cognitive ability are more likely to falsely report having had it. > Only a small proportion (0.76%) of participants reported having residual symptoms, Unless I'm misunderstanding something, it seems wrong to calculate that rate over all participants. Someone reporting not being ill can by definition not have residual symptoms. Correcting for that, the proportion with residual symptoms is 4.7%
历次讨论
- 2020Hacker News 讨论帖250 分 · 201 评
同领域还值得读
神经科学家能理解微处理器吗?(2017)
Could a Neuroscientist Understand a Microprocessor? (2017)
提出一个思想实验:把神经科学常用的分析方法(损伤实验、电生理、功能定位等)应用到一个我们完全了解其原理的工程系统——6502 微处理器(运行游戏)上,检验这些方法能否真正“理解”…
神经科学与心理学2017 · 411 分 · 135 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选大脑衰老呈现非线性转变,提示中年“关键窗口”
Brain aging shows nonlinear transitions, suggesting a midlife "critical window"
这篇 PNAS 论文研究大脑衰老的非线性变化,发现大脑老化并非匀速进行,而是在中年(约 40-60 岁)存在一个关键的"临界窗口期",此时干预可能有效。
神经科学与心理学2025 · 295 分 · 159 评进阶 · 约 75 分钟编辑精选社交网络中大规模情绪传染的证据(2014)
Evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks (2014)
这篇 2014 年发表于 PNAS 的论文研究了 Facebook 上约 70 万用户的信息流中,减少正面或负面内容是否会传染性地影响用户自己发布内容的情绪。
神经科学与心理学2020 · 285 分 · 72 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选裸盖菇素使人类大脑去同步化
Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain
这篇 Nature 研究用个体化的 fMRI 精密成像追踪受试者服用裸盖菇素(psilocybin)前后的脑功能连接变化,发现药物会造成大范围的脑网络「去同步化」,尤其是默认模式…
神经科学与心理学2024 · 273 分 · 259 评进阶 · 约 60 分钟编辑精选对智力的赞扬会削弱儿童的动机与表现(1998)
Praise for Intelligence Can Undermine Children's Motivation (1998)
这篇 1998 年的经典论文(Dweck 等人)通过实验研究表扬方式对儿童动机的影响:夸孩子“聪明”(表扬智力)会让他们回避挑战、害怕失败,而表扬努力则更能培养坚持性。
神经科学与心理学2016 · 253 分 · 155 评入门 · 约 45 分钟编辑精选