神经科学与心理学2020nature.com
psilocybin 引起的谷氨酸改变与自我消融体验
Alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin
专业 · 约 90 分钟读完前置知识：神经科学基础、神经递质与谷氨酸系统、磁共振波谱(MRS)基础
导读
这篇论文研究了裸盖菇素(psilocybin)作用下大脑谷氨酸水平变化与'自我消解'(ego dissolution)体验的关系。研究发现：内侧前额叶皮层谷氨酸水平升高与负面的自我消解体验相关，而海马体谷氨酸水平降低则与正面的自我消解体验相关。
HN 关注点：迷幻药研究在抑郁症治疗中的潜力与风险，讨论焦点集中在迷幻体验与疗效是否可分离、以及个人亲历的负面体验。
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反对将迷幻药疗效与迷幻体验割裂制成日常药物
我有点希望这项研究能让那些试图把迷幻效果与抗抑郁效果分离开、以便做成需要每天服用的药丸的研究彻底告一段落。
presiozo查看英文原文
I'm kind of hoping this puts the nail in the coffin with researchers trying to separate the psychedelic effects from the anti-depressant effects so that they can turn it into some kinda pill people have to take every day.
亲历警示：LSD 曾使其抑郁和存在性恐惧严重恶化
纯属个人经历：LSD 让我的抑郁症明显恶化而非改善。我经历过两次完整的迷幻之旅，第二次开始时因视觉冲击过于强烈而出现了类似癫痫发作的状况（之前和之后都从未有过）。补充说：它让我对自己的意识产生强烈怀疑，带来严重且持续的生存恐惧和对死亡的恐惧，甚至到了我感到相当想自杀的地步（我以前从未有过这种感觉）。我重新开始服用原来的抗抑郁药，帮助很大，但我觉得这些感受可能永远不会真正消失。坦白说，这是我唯一真正后悔服用的药物。如果你没有准备好接受这些药物向你展示的东西，那可能是一段持久且有害的经历——至少对我来说肯定如此。
joeberon查看英文原文
Totally anecdotal but LSD made my depression significantly worse than improving it in any way. I had two proper trips and had a seizure kind of thing at the start of the second one due to the overwhelming visuals (not experienced anything like that before or since). EDIT: to expand, it made me very questioning of my own consciousness and gave me severe and persistent existential dread and fear of death to the point where I felt quite suicidal (which I've _never_ experienced before). I restarted my old anti-depressants which have helped quite a lot but I don't think these feelings will ever truly disappear. Quite honestly it is the one drug I truly regret taking. If you aren't ready to accept what these drugs will show you then it can be a long-lasting and damaging experience, certainly it was for me
认为禁令阻碍科学，推荐 Grof 的 LSD 研究先驱著作，同时指出其缺乏怀疑精神
就我个人而言，我认为对迷幻药研究的实际禁令是对科学和精神健康医疗的犯罪——考虑到其巨大潜力。当然有风险，但我们日常使用的很多药物副作用更严重！不知为何，读 Grof 的书感觉像在读莱姆的《索拉里斯》——关于被遗弃的、不真实的研究。我很高兴我们正慢慢重启这方面的研究。我推荐 Stanislav Grof 的《Realms of the Human Unconscious: Observations from LSD Research》——他是迷幻药研究尚可行时的先驱之一。书中许多内容令人谦卑：宇宙合一的幻象、难以言说的恐惧、超越物理世界的体验，似乎是 LSD 的共同主题。不过我对书中缺乏怀疑精神感到矛盾：一方面，他暗示某些超感官知觉（如清晰看到精子进入卵子的幻象、看到祖先等）可能是真实的，却没有指出典型偏差（如人们只在巧合发生时才报告）；他也毫不批判地接受了大量弗洛伊德式观点。另一方面，我很高兴他没有删改故事（也没有自我审查），同时分享了加工过和原始的体验，整体叙述带着一种好奇研究者的语气，知道自己可能得到并非所期待的答案。
stared查看英文原文
Personally, I think that the effective ban on psychedelic research is a crime against science and mental healthcare - given its immense potential. Sure, there are risks, but we routinely use drugs (as in: medications) of far worse side effects! For some reason, reading Grof felt like reading "Solaris" by Lem - on forsaken, unreal research. I am happy to we are slowly starting research into that. I recommend "Realms of the Human Unconscious: Observations from LSD Research" by Stanislav Grof (https://www.amazon.com/Realms-Human-Unconscious-Observations-Research/dp/0285648829) - he was one of the pioneers into psychedelic research, while it was easy and possible. For many aspects, it is... humbling. It seems that visions/senses/experiences of cosmic unity, or unspoken dread, or going beyond the physical world is more of a common theme of LSD. However, I am torn, when it comes to its lack of skepticism. On one hand side, he hints that some aspects of extrasensory perception (e.g. clear visions of spermatozoid entering an ovum, visions of one's ancestors, etc) can be real, without noting some typical biases (e.g. people reporting coincidences only when they happen). Same, he seems to accept a lot of Freudian stuff uncritically. On the other, I am really happy he didn't censor the stories (or himself!) and share both processed and raw experiences. The overall narration is in the tone of a curious researcher knowing that he may get answers he is not looking for. Overall, I recommend it a lot, keeping in mind that you don't take too religiously his mentions of Freud, Jung, birth matrices and extrasensory perception too literally. But... as a lens/perspective, that (though flawed/simplified) can yet be fertile.
对正面自我消解的神经机制感兴趣，询问如何诱导
「内侧前额叶皮层谷氨酸水平较高与负面体验的自我消解相关，而海马体谷氨酸水平较低与正面体验的自我消解相关。」这很有意思。有没有什么实用技巧可以诱导后一种形式的自我消解？
colordrops查看英文原文
> Whereas higher levels of medial prefrontal cortical glutamate were associated with negatively experienced ego dissolution, lower levels in hippocampal glutamate were associated with positively experienced ego dissolution. This is interesting. Is there any practical techniques on how to induce the latter form of ego dissolution?
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