神经科学与心理学2020advances.sciencemag.org
推迟上学时间与更多睡眠及更好成绩相关
Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance
入门 · 约 30 分钟读完前置知识：基础统计学
导读
这篇论文研究了推迟上学开始时间对中学生睡眠和学业表现的影响，发现推迟上课时间与学生获得更多睡眠及更好的学习表现相关。研究基于对大量学生数据的分析，支持推迟上学时间的政策建议。
HN 关注点：许多 HN 读者亲历过早起上学的痛苦，讨论焦点在于推迟上学时间的科学依据，以及为何现实中学校迟迟不改——涉及校车调度、体育活动和家长反对等制度阻力。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 1 补充 1 亲历 2
质疑早起困倦因人而异，一刀切的上学时间无法适合所有人
我小时候 7 点起床赶 8 点的课，上午 10 点前都是半醒状态，冬天摸黑起床时和温暖被窝的‘磁力’搏斗的记忆至今难忘。但有一群孩子完全没这个问题，所以这种早起困倦并非普遍现象。我一生都是夜猫子，最有创造力的时刻都在天黑之后。不过最近我变了，反而享受清晨的安静，也能早睡了。结论是：这不是普遍现象，我们各不相同，一刀切的方案有人受益也有人受损。
tartoran查看英文原文
As a kid I remember waking up at 7 and heading to class which was starting at 8. I was half awake up until about 10 in the morning, I don't know how I was making it to school in one piece (school was within walking distance and was about 15 minutes from home). Also, in the winter at 7 it was still dark and cold I still remember the a magnetic force I had to fight away from the warm cozy bed. That was me at the time. A group of kids didn't seem to have this problem at all, so this early sleepiness phenomena is not universal. Throughout my life I was also a night owl, my most productive and creative moments took place after dark. Recently, however, something changed. I feel much more comfortable in the morning, I even enjoy the quiet hours early in the morning until things start to hustle and bustle and enjoy and am able to go to sleep earlier. So to conclude, this is not a universal thing and this is the problem, we are all different so a one sized solution does both good and bad.
亲历一线教师证实：科学共识明确，但制度惯性（校车、体育）阻碍改革
我在高中教书。大家都知道这是真的，我们地区一些学区也在改推迟上课时间，但存在巨大的制度惯性阻碍变革，主要来自小学上学时间、校车时刻表和体育活动安排。
germinalphrase查看英文原文
I teach at the high school level. Everyone knows this is true and some districts in my area are changing to a later start time; however, there is a great deal of institutional momentum working against the change. Primarily due to primary school start times, bussing schedules, and athletics.
亲历亲历者：早起上学导致睡眠不足、抑郁焦虑的恶性循环
推迟上学时间本可以让我的成长岁月好得多。6 到 12 年级我每天 5:30-6 点起床，极难集中精力做作业，常常熬到午夜之后，陷入睡眠不足与抑郁焦虑的恶性循环。典型的上学时间对最需要睡眠的孩子来说太疯狂了。即使长期睡眠不足，我周末还是轻易熬到凌晨一两点，小时候周末常睡到上午 11 点或中午来补觉。这一切都不健康。
rconti查看英文原文
This could have made my formative years immeasurably better. I woke up between 5:30-6am every school day between grades 6-12. I had an incredibly hard time focusing on and starting my homework, and was often up past midnight. It was a vicious cycle of not sleeping and depression and anxiety. Typical school hours are insane for the kids who need sleep the most. Even being chronically underslept, I'd still easily stay up until 1 or 2am on weekends which I'm "too old for" (read: my circadian rhythms have changed as I reached adulthood). As a kid, I was frequently sleeping till 11am or noon on weekend days to try to make up for it. It's just not healthy -- any of it.
补充补充案例：波士顿调整上学时间因家长强烈反对而失败
这让我想起波士顿曾因多种原因尝试调整上学时间：当波士顿公立学校试图用算法实现公平时发生了什么（波士顿环球报报道）。‘但没人预料到随之而来的强烈反对。愤怒的家长发起网络请愿并挤满教育委员会会场，使该计划成为市长 Marty Walsh 任期内最大的危机之一。市府随即放弃，这次失败最终还导致了学监辞职。’
blakesterz查看英文原文
Reminds me of when Boston tried to make some changes to start times for a number of reasons: What happened when Boston Public Schools tried for equity with an algorithm https://apps.bostonglobe.com/ideas/graphics/2018/09/equity-machine/ "But no one anticipated the crush of opposition that followed. Angry parents signed an online petition and filled the school committee chamber, turning the plan into one of the biggest crises of Mayor Marty Walsh’s tenure. The city summarily dropped it. The failure would eventually play a role in the superintendent’s resignation."
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- 2020Hacker News 讨论帖314 分 · 170 评
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