神经科学与心理学2019sciencedirect.com
健康成年人中的严重自传体记忆缺陷（2015）
Severely deficient autobiographical memory in healthy adults (2015)
进阶 · 约 60 分钟读完前置知识：认知心理学、记忆心理学、fMRI 基础
导读
这篇 2015 年发表在 Neuropsychologia 的论文研究"严重缺陷性自传体记忆"（SDAM）：一些健康成年人几乎无法以第一人称视角生动回忆自己经历过的事件，却能正常生活和工作。研究通过自传体记忆任务与 fMRI 等方式，刻画这一群体的记忆特征并考察其脑活动模式。
HN 关注点：许多 HN 读者第一次发现"记不住自己的人生"居然有正式名称，纷纷对照自身经历；讨论焦点还包括论文统计方法是否可靠。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 2 补充 1 亲历 1
亲历亲历者：事实记忆完好但人生事件序列缺失，靠习惯、日历和照片补偿
我自己的自传体记忆就极差，回忆事件时完全没有时间顺序概念。比如我知道父亲曾飞来见我当时的未婚妻，但记不清是哪个季节，甚至不确定是哪一年。重要的人生事件都得靠妻子不断提醒，直到她提起我才意识到自己"记忆"有问题。奇怪的是，这并没妨碍我在学术和工作上表现出色：学过的事实我能记一辈子，高三化学课的零碎细节仍历历在目。我觉得问题在于我无法记录记忆的序列，而非回忆能力差。补充：希望 SDAM 得到更多研究。应对办法是养成习惯（习惯能长久保持）、用日历记录一切、给出行和人生事件拍带日期的照片。
kache_查看英文原文
Personally, I have terrible autobiographical memory. I have no concept of the sequence of events as I recall them. For example, I know my father flew in to meet my fiance at the time, but I'm not sure what season it was, and for that matter I'm not even sure what year it was. I have to be constantly reminded by my wife about my important life events. I never thought I had a poor "memory" until my wife started to bring it up. Curiously, this (self perceived) ailment has not hindered my ability to do well in academia and work. Once I learn a fact, I'll remember it forever - random details from senior chemistry class are still fresh in my mind. I believe it has something to do with my inability to record the sequence of memories, rather than my ability to recall them. Edit: Hopefully SDAM gets further investigation. If people are wondering what I've learned to do to cope with this deficiency, I've got some recommendations - Learn to build habits - it's difficult to remember promises that you make to yourself and to others; but habits will stick forever. - Keep a calendar - for everything. - Take physical pictures of excursions and life events, and date them
补充推测记忆差与社交隔离、不重复讲述导致记忆缺乏强化和联结有关
我一直记性极差，而且有些行为恐怕雪上加霜。我一直（以下纯属主观、不科学）认为，问题很大一部分出在行为上：我从不和别人聊起自己的生活事件。我很不合群，即使要解释什么也不愿把同一个故事讲第二遍。我用闹钟和日历管理一切。我渐渐觉得，记忆差的一个关键原因正是我从不强化旧记忆、从不把它们与新记忆关联（比如向别人讲述时重新唤起记忆）。没有重复，它们就很快褪色；记忆之间越孤立，就越难回想。
slx26查看英文原文
I've always had an extremely bad memory, paired with behaviors that probably don't help at all. I have always thought (non-scientific, highly subjective text ahead) that a big part of the problem (the behavioral side) is that I never talk about the events of my life with others. I'm highly asocial, and even when I end up explaining something, I hate to repeat the same stories twice. I use alarms and calendars for everything. I've come to think that a big problem for my memory is precisely the fact that I never reinforce previous memories, I never link or associate them to new memories (for example, of myself reviving the memories when explaining them to other people). So, there's no repetition, and they kinda fade away sooner than later. The more disconnected the memories remain, the harder it becomes to recall them.
质疑质疑"第一人称视角生动回忆"这一描述，自己的记忆只是"知道发生过"
论文说 SDAM 是"无法以第一人称视角生动地回忆亲身经历的事件"，我不理解。我记忆中的事件根本没有视角，它们只是我知道发生过的事。比如我今天早上跑步，我知道去了哪里、天气如何，难道我还应该像玩第一人称射击游戏那样"生动回忆"吗？
JshWright查看英文原文
"inability to vividly recollect personally experienced events from a first-person perspective" I don't understand that... There is no perspective to my memories of events, they're just things I know happened. For instance, I went for a run this morning. I know where I went, I know what the weather was like, etc. Am I supposed to be able "vividly recollect" like some sort of imaginary first-person shooter?
质疑方法学质疑：fMRI 多重比较未校正，校正后结果大多不显著
一个不满之处：他们的 p 值似乎没有做多重比较校正，考虑到 fMRI 结果里做了那么多比较，这像是个问题。如果我算得没错，对 fMRI 结果施加 Bonferroni 或 Sidak 校正后，只有一个比较仍然显著。
jasonhansel查看英文原文
One annoyance: it looks like their p-values weren't adjusted for multiple comparisons, which seems like a problem given the number of different comparisons they made in e.g. the fMRI results. If I'm doing my math right: if they applied the Bonferroni or Sidak corrections to the fMRI results, then only one of those comparisons would still be significant.
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