神经科学与心理学2018sciencedirect.com
短暂的有氧运动可立即提升注意力与知觉速度
Brief aerobic exercise immediately enhances attention and perceptual speed
进阶 · 约 25 分钟读完前置知识:实验设计与基础统计、中介效应分析、注意与知觉速度的概念
导读
这篇论文研究短时有氧运动是否立即提升视觉注意控制和知觉速度,并检验运动后主观“精力感”是否在其中起中介作用。评论指出,媒体标题被截断后容易让人误以为研究只是证明“运动提升注意力”,实际上还涉及对精力感与认知表现关系的机制检验。
HN 关注点:运动对注意力的即时效果是否可靠、研究标题是否被过度简化,以及低门槛运动带来的实际身心收益。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:补充 2 亲历 2
亲历每天 7 分钟低强度有氧也能改善情绪、精力和体能,门槛低且可持续。
过去一个月我每天早上跟着一个很搞笑的 YouTube 视频做 7 分钟有氧。就 7 分钟!它改善了我的情绪和整天的精力,核心力量变好,也让我更想动起来。我以前总觉得“做运动”意味着每周投入多次 1-2 小时的高强度训练,这很让人泄气。所以像我这样的沙发土豆要知道,一点有氧就已经有效果;最好的是做完不累,可以每天做。
zimbatm查看英文原文
For the past month I started doing 7 minutes of cardio every morning with a ridiculous YouTube video[1]. Just 7 minutes! It improves my mood level, energy for the whole day, I have better core strength, makes me want to move more overall. I wanted to share this because to me it always looked like "doing sports" was to invest multiple 1-2h sessions per week and going all hardcore. Which is quite demotivating frankly speaking. So if you are a couch potato like me then know that a bit of cardio is already showing good results. The best thing is that I am not exhausted afterwards so it can be done every day. [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yL_dE81O_mw
亲历把游戏死亡惩罚变成俯卧撑,既提神、缩短反应,又能抑制冒进并锻炼身体。
我成长过程中用过的最好技巧之一,是在玩《反恐精英》这类游戏时每次死亡就做 10 个俯卧撑。更多血液流向大脑会略微提高智力并缩短反应时间;它也像一道闸门,抑制鲁莽,因为你会更努力避免输掉。此外,如果你经常打游戏,还能练出不错的体型。
edoo查看英文原文
One of the best tricks I used growing up was doing 10 pushups every time I died in games like counterstrike. The increased blood flow to the brain slightly increases your intelligence and decreases response times. It also acted as a gate to recklessness since you try harder not to lose. On top of that you get in pretty good shape if you game a lot.
补充提到 ADHD 与非 ADHD 人群对运动前测效应可能不同,但该说法尚待核实。
我见过一项有意思的研究:对 ADHD 人群来说,考试前立即做有氧运动能把注意力提升到超过正常水平,而对非 ADHD 人群反而会让表现变差。我看看能不能找到它。
andai查看英文原文
I saw an interesting study that found in ADHD individuals, aerobic exercise immediately before a test improved concentration to beyond normal levels, while in non-ADHD people it made them perform worse. I will see if I can find it.
补充指出标题截断误导,研究核心是检验“精力感”的中介作用,并提出心理与生理两类解释。
标题被截断了,因此有误导性。完整标题是:“Brief aerobic exercise immediately enhances visual attentional control and perceptual speed. Testing the mediating role of feelings of energy”。换句话说,这项研究把受试者中一定程度的认知提升当作既定前提,设计目的是检验这种效应与运动后“感到精力充沛”的报告之间是否相关,作者称确实发现了相关性。如果数据和方法的支持成立,这提示几种明显且不互斥的可能:1)主要机制是心理性的,相信某种做法能提神是关键因素;注意对照组做的是放松技巧,可以说是提神做法的反面。2)感到精力充沛和认知表现提升都由运动反应中的某种生理差异中介。例如,一部分人可能有亚临床运动不耐受,这主要与心血管疾病相关,但也与线粒体功能障碍、神经系统疾病和睡眠呼吸暂停有关。
0xcde4c3db查看英文原文
The headline is truncated and thereby misleading. The full headline is: "Brief aerobic exercise immediately enhances visual attentional control and perceptual speed. Testing the mediating role of feelings of energy" In other words, this study took some amount of cognitive enhancement across the subjects as a given and was designed to test for a correlation between that effect and reports of feeling energized by exercise, which the authors did report finding. If the numbers and methodology back that up, it suggests a couple of obvious (and not mutually exclusive) possibilities: 1) There is a primarily psychological mechanism, with the belief that a practice is energizing being a key factor. Note that the control group practiced relaxation techniques, which is arguably the opposite of an energizing practice. 2) Both the experience of feeling energized and the increase in cognitive performance are mediated by some physiological difference in exercise response. For example, it may be that some portion of the population has subclinical exercise intolerance (which is mostly studied in relation to cardiovascular disease, but has also been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, neurological conditions, and sleep apnea).
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