神经科学与心理学2018cell.com
致幻剂促进结构与功能性神经可塑性
Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity
专业 · 约 60 分钟读完前置知识：神经生物学基础、细胞信号通路、突触可塑性
导读
这篇论文研究迷幻药物对神经可塑性的作用，核心结论是这类物质能够促进神经元结构与功能层面的可塑性变化。作者据此讨论其作为抑郁症等神经精神疾病潜在治疗机制的意义。
HN 关注点：是因为论文为迷幻药的治疗潜力提供了神经生物学依据，而评论区则围绕亲身经历、疗效与风险展开激烈讨论。
后来怎么样
该研究成为“迷幻药促进神经可塑性”方向的关键实验证据，推动了后续关于其分子机制及抑郁症等精神疾病治疗潜力的研究。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：支持 1 亲历 3
亲历亲历者称 LSD/蘑菇帮助自己走出抑郁，并呼吁将其作为精神科治疗的替代方案。
我是安全使用迷幻药的强烈支持者，尤其是 LSD。我成长过程中极度抑郁、有自杀倾向（家庭问题，两个最好的朋友分别在 13 岁和 17 岁自杀），高中辍学。17/18 岁时尝试了 LSD 和蘑菇。当时没意识到，但我的人生大幅好转。也许是我长大了、承担了责任，也许是迷幻药带来了协同效应。我信教的家人把这一切归功于祈祷和上帝，因为这是个奇迹。年纪越大，我越相信它深刻影响了我对世界和自我认知的方式，而且是一种赋权式的影响。我现在会向觉得可能受益的人推荐迷幻药，给他们讲研究、讲负面污名，并强调必须尊重这种物质、谨慎且带着善意去使用。后来我上了 top 12 大学，努力工作。大学里大多数朋友都试过 LSD，没人疯，大家都做着了不起的事，深刻而有洞见。迷幻药的名声太差了。我相信它对焦虑和抑郁极有帮助，应作为现有精神科疗法的替代，现有疗法有毒、破坏性强、令人麻木。
tranchms查看英文原文
I’m a huge proponent of safe psychedelic use, specifically LSD. I was massively depressed and suicidal growing up (I had family problems, and two of my best friends killed them selves at 13 and 17). I dropped out of high school. I experimented with LSD and mushrooms around 17/18 years old. And while I didn’t realize it then, my life massively changed for the better. Maybe I grew up. Maybe I took responsibility for my life. Or maybe... there was a synergistic effect that accompanied my psychedelic use. My religious family thinks it was all their prayer and god’s work... because it’s a miracle. As I got older, the more I believe that it had a profound impact on my mind, and my ability to perceive the world and my sense of self differently, in an empowering way. I now am an evangelist for psychedelic use. I share it with whomever I feel would benefit, educating them on the research, on the negative stigmas, and emphasizing how necessary it is to respect the substance and approach it with care and good intent. I ended up attended a top 12 university. I worked hard. Most of my friends at that university experimented with LSD. None of them are crazy. They all are doing amazing things. They’re all deep and insightful. Psychedelics have gotten such a terrible reputation. I believe it is immensely helpful for anxiety and depression. I believe it needs to be adopted as a therapeutic alternative to current psychiatric therapies which are toxic and destructive and deadening by comparison. (I was on countless drugs growing up, dozens, prescribed by psychiatrists... they did nothing. Just made me more dead inside.) I also believe psychedelics open the mind in ways that only radical life experiences can. I think this mind expansion can be useful for learning, creating, and perceiving new ways of looking at the world.
亲历一次裸盖菇素体验终结多年抑郁，呼吁更多研究。
轶事警告：几年前我觉得自己完全无法感受快乐，很久没体验过快乐，整个人麻木，慢性抑郁了 4 到 6 年。一次在安全会议上，朋友给了我蘑菇，我完全不知道会经历什么。多年来第一次，我感到真正的快乐。我不知道生理或心理上发生了什么，但第二天早上醒来，我的世界变了，我不再麻木。就在那天，我的慢性抑郁结束了。此后几年我没再抑郁。我们真的需要更多研究。
tuxxy查看英文原文
Anecdotal info warning: A few years ago, I thought I was completely incapable of feeling happiness. I hadn't experienced it for a long time and was completely numb. I was chronically depressed for 4-6 years. I took shrooms from a friend at a security conference completely unaware of what I was getting into. For the first time in _years_, I felt truly happy. I have no idea, physiologically or psychologically, what happened, but when I woke up the next morning my entire world changed -- I didn't feel numb anymore. That day, my chronic depression ended. I have been depression free for a few years now. We _need_ more research for this.
亲历迷幻药也可能引发极度不适和自杀念头，必须谨慎，清醒后的反思才有价值。
对蘑菇的反面案例：1. 我在阿姆斯特丹 smartshop 买了合法 magic truffles，感觉身体有点不舒服，像小孩。2. 我又吃了 truffles，身体更不舒服，还在考虑自杀。幸好还剩一个脑细胞说：你可以自杀，但只能在清醒时同意，而且要等一周后。我把自己锁在没窗户的浴室里。是的，我可以在浴室里伤害自己，但幸好我笨到不知道怎么伤害。药效消退时，那是一次非常糟糕的旅行，也是一次深刻、有意义但痛苦的旅行。出离并清醒后，我得到很多关于自己的数据去分析，确实有帮助。但天哪，如果我没有那一个脑细胞意识到自己在 truffles 作用下、神志不清，就完了。清醒后我决定活下去，因为人生本身就是一场有趣的大旅行 :D。我越来越意识到：我很喜欢清醒的自己。清醒时我能控制情绪，更容易爱自己等等。不过，我感激那些洞见。
mettamage查看英文原文
Counterpoint for shrooms 1. I took magic mushrooms (well truffles, Amsterdam, sold in smartshops, i.e. legal) and I felt a bit uncomfortable in my body and I felt like a kid. 2. I took magic truffles again (again Amsterdam) and I felt a lot uncomfortable in my body and was contemplating suicide. Fortunately I had on gray brain cell left that said "you can kill yourself, but only if you agree on it when you're sober and it's one week later." I locked myself in a bathroom with no windows. Yes, I could hurt myself in the bathroom, but I was fortunately to dumb to know how to do that. When the effect started cooling down it was a mix between a really bad trip and a really profound, meaningful yet really painful trip. When I came out of the trip and felt sober I got a lot of data to analyze about myself and that definitely helped me. Yet, god forbid if I didn't have that 1 gray brain cell that realized that I was on truffles and therefore not in my right mind. Needlessly to say, when I was sober I decided to live because life is one interesting big trip anyway :D One thing that I am realizing more and more: I really like myself sober. When I am sober I am capable of keeping my emotions in check. It's easier to love myself and all those things. Nevertheless, I am grateful for the insights.
支持支持迷幻药但提醒可能伤人，宣传者责任重大。
我总体支持迷幻药，但也亲眼见过它们伤害人。它们应被非常谨慎和尊重地对待。我完全理解想宣传它们的冲动，但记住：当你鼓励别人拿自己的脑化学做实验时，你承担了很大的责任。
cageface查看英文原文
I am overall pro psychedelics but I have seen them harm people first hand as well. They should be treated with a lot of caution and respect. I totally understand the urge to evangelise them but keep in mind that you're taking on a lot of responsibility when you encourage people to experiment with their brain chemistry.
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