神经科学与心理学2018greatergood.berkeley.edu编辑精选
A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind（走神的心不快乐）
A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind (2010)
入门 · 约 45 分钟读完前置知识：心理学基础、体验采样方法
导读
这篇 2010 年的经典论文（Killingsworth & Gilbert）通过大规模手机体验采样研究发现：人的心智经常“走神”（约一半的清醒时间），而无论走神内容是愉快还是不快，走神时人们的幸福感都低于专注当下时——即“走神的心是不快乐的心”。
HN 关注点：是因为结论与每个人的日常体验相关，讨论焦点集中在走神与幸福感的关系、以及研究方法是否可靠。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：质疑 2 亲历 2
亲历分享读书和通勤时走神的亲身体验，认为思绪漫游到过去和未来的决定时最影响情绪
走神的诱因很多。对我来说最明显的是读书时（也最恼人）和坐公共交通时。后者能帮我减少刷 HN 或干重活带来的脑子嗡嗡感。读书时需要专注，但某些内容会触发思维的分支——我还在继续读，心思却已被书里的内容带去别处，然后回过神来发现“咦，我读到哪了？跳过了一整页”。长途旅行时我有大把时间思考，思绪范围会扩大，从过去的决定延伸到未来的决定，而这正是最伤人的地方——这个模式可能让我非常快乐，也可能非常不快乐。有人有同感吗？
dschuetz查看英文原文
There's a plenty of occasions, causes and distractions to make your mind wander. To me personally the most prominent ones are when reading a book (which is also the most infuriating) and while riding some sort of public transport. The latter one helps me to reduce head buzz which is generated by randomly reading HN posts or working on a demanding task. Reading a book, where I actually need to concentrate on the book, some contents generate occasional mind branches. That means, I continue reading, but I think about something else triggered by what's in the book. Then I switch back to the book realizing "Wait, where was I? I have no idea why I'm reading this, and now I skipped a whole page." When I make a long trip I also have a lot of time to think. So, my scope of thoughts grows and my mind wanders. Basically that's the mode which potentially might make me very happy or deeply unhappy. Because the scope expands from decisions made in the past to decisions to make in the future. And that's where it hurts most. Can anyone relate?
亲历从睡眠不足的亲历推测：限制大脑资源、强制专注当下或许能减少焦虑性走神
当我严重睡眠不足时，反而更容易专注于当下，不去想那些引发焦虑的杂事，因为大脑没有多余资源去走神。结合之前关于剥夺睡眠可治疗抑郁症的报道，我在想是否有一种方法能强制让大脑进入“单线程模式”，以避开平时那些令人分心的忧虑。
Apocryphon查看英文原文
When I'm very sleep-deprived, I tend to be better able to focus on the present, and not worry about ambient anxiety-causing topics. My mind has less resources to wander as much as usual. Between that anecdotal experience, and previous stories about sleep deprivation as a treatment for depression, I wonder if there's something to be set about forcing your mind into a single-threaded mode, to avoid the usual distracting worries.
质疑反驳论文结论：不快乐的根源是被迫为生计工作，而非走神本身
自从开始为生计工作，我已经不知道什么是快乐了。上学时因为必须出勤我不快乐，只记得暑假还行。几十年没享受过“假期”了。唯一一次失业六周，到第五周我几乎快乐起来，结果拿到 offer 后第六周就开始为重返工作焦虑。我花了一个月才找回做人的感觉，刚放松下来就被夺走了。所以我不同意论文的说法：被迫出于非自然的原因，把注意力集中在与自身生存无关的细节上，还要面临被文明社会抛弃的威胁（付不起房租、流落街头）——这样的心才是不快乐的。
unhappyMinds查看英文原文
I wouldn't know what happiness is anymore, since I work for a living. I wasn't happy in school because attendance was compulsory, but I do remember summers being okay. It's been decades since I've enjoyed a "summer time" but once, when I lost my job for about 6 weeks, I was almost happy during week 5 until I landed a job offer, and spent week 6 stressing about returning to work. It took me a month to feel like a human being again, and just as I started to relax, it was taken away from me. So I disagree. A mind compelled to focus for unnatural reasons, onto details personally irrelevant to one's continued existence, under threat of being ostracized from civilized society (can't pay rent; out on the street) is an unhappy mind.
质疑质疑论文对动物心智的断言缺乏依据
论文说“与其他动物不同，人类花大量时间思考周围没有发生的事——过去的事、可能发生的事、或永远不会发生的事”。他们怎么知道动物在想什么、不想什么？很多动物有大量空闲时间几乎什么都不做，凭什么认为它们不会做梦或回忆过去？
bambax查看英文原文
> Unlike other animals, human beings spend a lot of time thinking about what is not going on around them, contemplating events that happened in the past, might happen in the future, or will never happen at all. How do they know what animals think or don't think about? Many, many animals have lots of idle time where they do mostly nothing (not looking for food, or a mate, or anything); why would they not be dreaming or remembering things from the past??
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从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2018Hacker News 讨论帖231 分 · 73 评
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