其他2018philpapers.org
意识的元问题
The Meta-Problem of Consciousness
进阶 · 约 90 分钟读完前置知识:心灵哲学基础、意识的难问题、幻觉主义
导读
Chalmers 的论文探讨“意识的元问题”:为什么我们会对意识产生难解的直觉(即为什么会有“难问题”)。他提出核心策略是解释我们的意识报告和直觉从何而来,并讨论了包括幻觉主义在内的多种解释路径及其困难。
HN 关注点:意识难问题是 HN 上经久不衰的话题,这篇论文系统梳理了“为什么我们觉得意识难解释”这一元层面的问题,引发了物理主义、幻觉主义等立场的争论。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里:支持 1 质疑 2 补充 1
质疑质疑幻觉主义对“幻觉”的界定,主张物理主义无法处理抽象,倾向客观唯心主义
什么是幻觉?如果幻觉指的是一种抽象,就像电视画面是图像的“幻觉”而非真实的图像,那我同意;但如果意味着“应从世界观中排除”,那我不敢苟同。我对物理主义的主要不满是它处理不好抽象:你需要某种功能性概念来区分不同类型的“东西”,否则石头、康威生命游戏和《魔戒》就处于同一存在层面。我倾向客观唯心主义,因为“心灵质料”是我们能用来描述万物的最佳“东西”,而且它不把物理凌驾于其他模式之上,这点还能气气唯物主义者。
vinceguidry查看英文原文
> This strategy typically involves what Keith Frankish has called illusionism about consciousness: the view that consciousness is or involves a sort of introspective illusion. What's an illusion? If by illusion you mean an abstraction, like how a TV picture is an illusion of a picture rather than actually being a picture, then I'm on board. If by illusion you mean "worth excluding from your map of how the world works," then I have a bone to pick with you. My main problem with physicalism is that it doesn't handle abstraction well. I'm fine with monism over dualism but you need some kind of functionality with which to consider different kinds of 'stuff'. Otherwise a rock, Conway's Game of Life, and Lord of the Rings are all on the same plane of existence. What draws me to Objective Idealism isn't so much the fact that it's compatible with religion but rather that 'mind stuff' is the best 'thing' that we can use to describe everything. The fact that it doesn't put severe emphasis on the physical as "better" than other modes is just a nice little bonus to annoy materialists with.
补充推荐 Tononi 的信息整合理论作为理解意识难题的重要视角
Giulio Tononi(信息整合理论 IIT 的提出者)可以说是自 Chalmers 最初提出意识难题以来,为意识研究带来最有趣视角的人。这是他在某个人工丛林中解释为什么这个问题很难以及如何切入的视频链接。
aaimnr查看英文原文
Giulio Tononi is the guy who's arguably brought the most interesting perspective on consciousness (information integration theory) since the original Chalmers' problem statement. Here's him explaining why the problem is hard and how it could be approached, in the middle of some kind of artifical jungle: https://youtu.be/Vl8J3K_ZLkg?t=5m50s
质疑认为哲学和内省方法徒劳,应等 AI 发展到足够程度再谈意识问题
我们的 AI 发展还远未到能解决这个问题并取得进展的程度,哲学帮不上忙。关于“意识”的内省和写作已有两千多年历史,并没有产出多少成果。人类并没有编程意义上的那种“反射”:我们看不到自己的反射库、早期视觉在做什么、分类器背后的依据、记忆如何索引。靠内省来理解心智本质上是徒劳的。
Animats查看英文原文
We're not far enough along in AI to address this yet and get anywhere. Philosophy will not help. Introspection and writing about "consciousness" goes back over 2000 years and hasn't produced all that much. Humans don't really have that much "reflection", in the sense that we use the term in programming. We can't see our library of reflexes. We can't see what early vision is doing. We can't look at the rationale behind our own classifiers. We can't look at how our memory is indexed. Trying to understand the mind by introspection is thus inherently futile.
支持称赞论文在争议话题上的公允与哲学家的独特智识品质
对于如此令人困惑的主题,这篇文章出奇地公允。我明白为什么哲学家在学生眼中近乎名人,而数学或计算机教授不是——把这件事做好需要一种近乎人格特质的智力。
cousin_it查看英文原文
Impressively even-handed for such a confusing subject. I understand why philosophers are pretty much celebrities in the eyes of students, in a way that math or CS professors aren't. Doing this well requires a kind of intellect that crosses over into personality.
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从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2018Hacker News 讨论帖142 分 · 117 评
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