神经科学与心理学2018journals.sagepub.com
绝对化词语使用增多是焦虑和抑郁的标志
Elevated Use of Absolutist Words Is a Marker of Anxiety, Depression
进阶 · 约 35 分钟读完前置知识：心理语言学基础、统计假设检验、文本词典构建
导读
这篇论文研究文本中绝对化词语（如 always、never、completely）的使用能否作为焦虑、抑郁和自杀意念的心理标记。研究者构建了绝对化词与非绝对化词词典，通过语料分析发现，这类词的高频出现与焦虑、抑郁及自杀意念相关，并试图论证该标记具有特异性。
HN 关注点：是因为绝对化措辞与 CBT 所针对的“非黑即白”思维直接相关，也让人联想到 Woebot 等基于文本的心理干预工具。
HN 评论精选
这几条评论里：补充 3
补充补充论文完整标题，并给出摘要页面链接。
我是楼主。所链接文章的实际标题是“In an Absolute State: Elevated Use of Absolutist Words Is a Marker Specific to Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation”。可惜这远超 HN 标题 80 字符的限制。如果不想下载 PDF，期刊页面有摘要。
tjalfi查看英文原文
Hi, OP here. The actual title of the linked article is "In an Absolute State: Elevated Use of Absolutist Words Is a Marker Specific to Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation". Unfortunately this is well over the 80 character limit for HN titles. The journal page at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2167702617747074 has the abstract if you don't want to download a PDF. Edited for minor wording changes
补充指出论文主题与 CBT 及聊天机器人 Woebot 的关联。
有趣的是，认知行为疗法（CBT）正是针对非黑即白的思维方式。HN 上还有一篇关于 Woebot 的文章；很容易看出 Woebot 话语中的模式，它能帮人走出非常艰难的处境。
xutopia查看英文原文
Funny thing is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) tackles black and white ways of thinking. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy Another article was posted on Hacker News talking about Woebot. It's easy enough to see a pattern in Woebot's discourse and it can help people get out of really tough spots.
补充披露绝对化词典的构建过程与专家验证方法。
想知道他们选了哪些绝对化词，可以看补充表。构词方法：先头脑风暴出 300 多个绝对化词和 200 多个非绝对化词（含极端词），在试点数据上测试后发现很多词太生僻、出现频率不足以分析，于是缩减为最常见的 22 个绝对化词和 43 个非绝对化词（含 21 个极端词）。这个截断虽较随意，但意在让列表大到能产生有代表性的词典百分比、小到便于专家独立验证。65 个词合并后，5 位独立专家（2 位来自雷丁大学 Charlie Waller Institute 的临床心理学家、3 位来自雷丁大学临床语言科学学院的语言学家）将其分为绝对、非绝对和极端，允许一个词归入多类；原始分类与专家分类的一致率……
roflc0ptic查看英文原文
If you're curious which absolutist words they picked: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/2167702617747074/suppl_file/Table_S2_Supplemental_Material.pdf Methodology for determining words: "To construct these dictionaries, we initially brainstormed more than 300 absolutist words and 200 nonabsolutist words (including extreme words). Testing on pilot data (control and test groups) revealed that many of the words on these original lists were too obscure to register with sufficient frequency for analysis. Consequently, the original dictionaries were reduced to the most prevalent 22 absolutist words and 43 nonabsolutist words (including 21 extreme words). Although this was based on a mostly arbitrary cutoff, it was intended that the lists be large enough to produce representative dictionary percentages, but small enough to facilitate independent validation by experts. The 22 absolutist words and 43 nonabsolutist words were combined into a single list of 65 words. Five independent expert judges were asked to categorize them as absolute, nonabsolute, and/or extreme. Two of the judges are clinical psychologists from the University of Reading Charlie Waller Institute and three are linguists from the University of Reading School of Clinical Language Sciences. Judges were permitted to place words into more than one category (i.e., extreme and absolute). The agreement between our original categorization of the words (absolutist/nonabsolutist) and that of the judges ranged between 83% and 94%, whereas the interjudge agreement was 96%. Words were considered absolute, extreme, or nonabsolute on the basis of a majority decision by the judges. Three words, anything, need, and needed, were moved from the absolutist dictionary to the nonabsolutist dictionary as they were not categorized as absolute by the majority of judges. All the words on our nonabsolutist dictionary were judged nonabsolute. Judges showed almost no agreement on extreme words, this category was consequently removed from the analysis (collapsed into the nonabsolutist category)."
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从这篇论文所有 HN 讨论帖的全部评论里整理出来的链接。
历次讨论
- 2018Hacker News 讨论帖269 分 · 167 评
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